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1.
L. N. Kogarko D. A. Plant C. M. B. Henderson B. A. Kjarsgaard 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1991,109(1):124-129
Carbonate phases, some rich in Na2O and comparatively rich in SrO and BaO, occur as inclusions in perovskite and calzirtite (Ca2Zr5Ti2O16) in the carbonatite of the Guli complex, Siberia. This is the first record of alkali carbonates, akin to nyerereite [Na2Ca(CO3)2], in plutonic igneous rocks. The inclusion populations suggest that the parental magma of the complex was Ca-rich but developed Na-rich differentiates during the latest stages. This points to the dominant calcic carbonatites of the complex not being derivatives of alkali-rich parental carbonatites. These alkali-rich carbonate inclusions (and rare inclusions of djerfisherite) have been preserved due to the resistance of perovskite and calzirtite to processes of leaching, hydrothermal alteration and weathering. 相似文献
2.
L. N. Kogarko 《Geochemistry International》2006,44(1):3-10
Alkaline magmatism has occurred since 2.5–2.7 Ga and its abundance has continuously increased throughout the Earth’s history.
Alkaline rocks appeared on the Earth with changes in the geodynamic regime of our planet, i.e., when plume tectonics was supplemented
by plate tectonics. Global-scale development of plate tectonics at the Archean—Proterozoic boundary initiated subduction of
already significantly oxidized oceanic crust enriched in volatiles and large-scale mantle metasomatism caused the formation
of enriched reservoirs as sources of alkaline and carbonatite magmatism. Study of metasomatized mantle material showed the
occurrence of traces of primary carbonatite melts, which are strongly enriched in rare elements, according to ion-microprobe
analyses. The results obtained allowed us to propose a new two-stage genetic model for Ca-rich carbonatites including (1)
metasomatic wehrlitization and carbonatization of mantle material and (2) partial melting of wehrlitized mantle with formation
of carbonate-rich melts or three immiscible liquids (at high alkali contents), i.e., silicate, carbonatitic, and sulfide (at
high sulfur activity).
Original Russian Text L.N. Kogarko, 2006, published in Geokhimiya, 2006, No. 1, pp. 5–13. 相似文献
3.
Summary Lovozero, the largest of the world’s layered peralkaline intrusions, includes gigantic deposits of Nb + REE-loparite ore.
Loparite, (Na,Ce,Ca)2(Ti,Nb)2O6, became a cumulus phase after crystallisation of about 35% of the ‘Differentiated Complex’, and its compositional evolution
has been investigated through a 2.35 km section of the intrusion. The composition of the cumulus loparite changes systematically
upwards through the intrusion with an increase in Na, Sr, Nb and Th and decrease in REE and Ti. This main trend of loparite
evolution records differentiation of the peralkaline magma through crystallisation of 1600 m of the intrusion. The formation
of the loparite ores was the result of several factors including the chemical evolution of the highly alkaline magma and mechanical
accumulation of loparite at the base of a convecting unit. At later stages of evolution, when concentrations of alkalis and
volatiles reached very high levels, loparite reacted with the residual melt to form a variety of minerals including barytolamprophyllite,
lomonosovite, steenstrupine-(Ce), vuonnemite, nordite, nenadkevichite, REE, Sr-rich apatite, vitusite-(Ce), mosandrite, monazite-(Ce),
cerite and Ba, Si-rich belovite. The absence of loparite ore in the “Eudialyte complex” is likely to be a result of the wide
crystallisation field of lamprophyllite, which here became a cumulus phase.
Received November 6, 2000; revised version accepted January 18, 2001 相似文献
4.
A. I. Buikin A. B. Verchovsky L. N. Kogarko V. A. Grinenko O. V. Kuznetsova 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2016,466(2):135-137
The first data on variations of the isotope composition and element ratios of carbon, nitrogen, and argon in carbonatites of different generations and ultrabasic rocks of the Guli massif obtained by the method of step crushing are reported. It is shown that early carbonatite differs significantly from the later ones by the concentration of highly volatile components, as well as by the isotope compositions of carbon (CO2), argon, and hydrogen (H2O). The data obtained allow us to conclude that the mantle component predominated in the fluid at the early stages of formation of rocks of the Guli massif, whereas the late stages of carbonatite formation were characterized by an additional fluid source, which introduced atmospheric argon, and most likely a high portion of carbon dioxide with isotopically heavy carbon. 相似文献
5.
L. N. Kogarko 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2018,482(1):1165-1167
The patterns of the distribution and fractionation of strategic metals (Zr, Hf) in the Kugda intrusion (Polar Siberia) have been studied. The contents of these elements significantly exceed their concentrations in other rocks (Zr, 246 ppm; Hf, 7.4 ppm). A significant increase in Zr and Hf from early rocks (olivinite and melilite rocks) to later differentiation products, syenites with up to 570 ppm of Zr and 16 ppm of Hf, has been revealed. During the evolution of the Kuga magmatic system, notable fractionation of Zr and Hf occurred. The Zr/Hf ratios in the dyke rock, similar in composition to the primary Kugda Massif magma, and the early intrusions are fairly close to that of chondrite (Zr/Hf = 37 [1]), while in the latest phases this ratio increases by almost 5-fold. 相似文献
6.
Mahdi Ghobadi Axel Gerdes Lia Kogarko Heidi Hoefer Gerhard Brey 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(8):766-783
In this study we present a fresh isotopic data, as well as U–Pb ages from different REE-minerals in carbonatites and phoscorites of Guli massif using in situ LA-ICPMS technique. The analyses were conducted on apatites and perovskites from calcio-carbonatite and phoscorite units, as well as on pyrochlores and baddeleyites from the carbonatites. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios obtained from apatites and perovskites from the phoscorites are 0.70308–0.70314 and 0.70306–0.70313, respectively; and 0.70310–0.70325 and 0.70314–0.70327, for the pyrochlores and apatites from the carbonatites, respectively.Furthermore, the in situ laser ablation analyses of apatites and perovskites from the phoscorite yield εNd from 3.6 (±1) to 5.1 (±0.5) and from 3.8 (±0.5) to 4.9 (±0.5), respectively; εNd of apatites, perovskites and pyrochlores from carbonatite ranges from 3.2 (±0.7) to 4.9 (±0.9), 3.9 (±0.6) to 4.5 (±0.8) and 3.2 (±0.4) to 4.4 (±0.8), respectively. Laser ablation analyses of baddeleyites yielded an eHf(t)d of +8.5 (± 0.18); prior to this study Hf isotopic characteristic of Guli massif was not known. Our new in situ εNd, 87Sr/86Sr and eHf data on minerals in the Guli carbonatites imply a depleted source with a long time integrated high Lu/Hf, Sm/Nd, Sr/Rb ratios.In situ U–Pb age determination was performed on perovskites from the carbonatites and phoscorites and also on pyrochlores and baddeleyites from carbonatites. The co-existing pyrochlores, perovskites and baddeleyites in carbonatites yielded ages of 252.3 ± 1.9, 252.5 ± 1.5 and 250.8 ± 1.4 Ma, respectively. The perovskites from the phoscorites yielded an age of 253.8 ± 1.9 Ma. The obtained age for Guli carbonatites and phoscorites lies within the range of ages previously reported for the Siberian Flood Basalts and suggest essentially synchronous emplacement with the Permian-Triassic boundary. 相似文献
7.
Features of Eudialyte Ore Formation in High-Alkaline Magmas of the Lovozero Deposit (Kola Peninsula)
Doklady Earth Sciences - Detailed studies have shown that a change in the eudialyte occurrence forms (and the moment of its crystallization) is a new geochemical criterion for rare metal ore... 相似文献
8.
A new set of reversal experiments for coexisting ortho- and clinopyroxenes in the system CMAS at conditions between 1,000–1,570° C and 30 to 50 kb is presented and combined with literature data. Pyroxene behaviour, particularly that of clinopyroxene, is very complicated and different styles of Al incorporation into the pyroxene structure for low and high concentrations of Al are indicated, strongly influencing the exchange of the enstatite component between ortho- and clinopyroxene. Thermodynamic modelling of this exchange is problematic because of the large number of unknown coefficients compared to the number of experiments. Thermometry based on such models becomes very dependent on accuracy of experimental data and analyses of small quantities of elements. Despite this complexity very simple empirical thermometric equations are capable of reproducing experimental conditions in the systems CMS and CMAS over a wide range of P, T conditions. We derived the equation
which gives a mean error of estimate of 25° C when applied to CMS and CMAS data.Abbreviations Used in the Text cpx
clinopyroxene
- di
diopside, CaMgSi2O6
- en
enstatite, Mg2Si2O6
- opx
orthopyroxene
- px
Pyroxene
- py
pyrope
-
a
i
j
activity of component i in phase j
-
activity coefficient
-
G
P,T
(A)
molar Gibbs free energy difference of reaction (A) at P, T
-
X
i
j
mole fraction of component i in phase j 相似文献
9.
L. N. Kogarko N. V. Sorokhtina V. A. Zaitsev V. G. Senin 《Geochemistry International》2009,47(6):531-549
Rare metal mineralization of oceanic carbonatites was studied for the first time by the example of calcite carbonatite from Fogo Island in the Cape Verde Archipelago. The following evolutionary sequence of rare metal minerals was established: zirconolite-Th-calciobetafite-betafite + Th-pyrochlore-thorite + Ti-Zr-Nb silicates + zircon.Schematic reactions were proposed for zirconolite transformation to secondary phases: (Ca,Th,U)Zr(Ti,Nb)2O7 (zirconolite) + SiO2 + Ca(F,OH)2 → ZrSiO4 (zircon) + (Ca,Th,U)2(Ti,Nb)2O6(OH,F) (Th-calciobetafite) and (Ca,Th,U)2(Ti,Nb)2O6(OH,F) + Na2Si2O5 → ThSiO4 (thorite) + (Ca,Na,Th)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH,F) (Th-pyrochlore), where SiO2, Ca(F,OH)2, and Na2Si2O5 are the components of melt-solution coexisting with the carbonatite.It was shown that the distribution and behavior of rare and radioactive elements in oceanic carbonatites show the same tendencies as in continental carbonatites. The contents and distribution of Ti, Ta, and Th in zirconolites and pyrochlores from oceanic and continental carbonatites are different: the minerals of oceanic carbonatites are enriched in Ti and Th and strongly depleted in Ta. 相似文献
10.
Based on the analysis of coexisting minerals (magnetite, ilmenite, titanite, and pyroxene), the temperature and redox conditions
of rock crystallization in the Khibina alkaline massif were estimated. Under the redox conditions typical of the Khibina complex,
the carbon speciation evolved as follows: CO2 in fluid and carbonate anions in melt at high temperatures; then, graphite formation; and, at lower temperatures, the appearance
of significant amounts of hydrocarbons owing to fluid-graphite interaction. Abiogenic hydrocarbons in magmatic complexes can
be produced by processes differing from the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. 相似文献