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This paper comments about the use of phenomenological relations between stress and strain parameters in the field of natural deformation of rocks. Three criteria are proposed in order to ensure the validity of such an approach. 相似文献
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Stein Rune Karlsen Anne Tolvanen Eero Kubin Jarmo Poikolainen Kjell Arild Høgda Bernt Johansen Fiona S. Danks Paul Aspholm Frans Emil Wielgolaski Olga Makarova 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2008
Northern Fennoscandia is an ecologically heterogeneous region in the arctic/alpine-boreal transition area. Phenology data on birch from 13 stations and 16-day MODIS-NDVI composite satellite data with 250 m resolution for the period 2000 to 2006 were used to map the growing season. A new combined pixel-specific NDVI threshold and decision rule-based mapping method was developed to determine the onset and end of the growing season. A moderately high correlation was found between NDVI data and birch phenology data. The earliest onset of the growing season is found in the narrow strip of lowland between the mountains and the sea along the coast of northern Norway. The onset follows a clear gradient from lowland to mountain corresponding to the decreasing temperature gradient. In autumn, the yellowing of the vegetation shows a more heterogeneous pattern. The length of the growing season is between 100 and 130 days in 55% of the study area. 相似文献
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Dargestellt werden Möglichkeiten für den Einsatz optoelektronischer Bauelemente in der Laboratoriumstechnik. Bauelemente, die in der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik und in der Tschechoslowakei lieferbar sind, werden behandelt. Die technischen Parameter Wurden überprüft und ihre Eignung für photometrische Messungen in Suspensionskulturen getestet. Neben diesen grundlegenden Untersuchungen zur Eignung der Bauelemente werden mehrere Beispiele für den Einsatz in der Laboratoriumspraxis als Meßzellensystem und als Meßfühler im Kultivierungsgefäß vorgestellt. 相似文献
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Natural deformation microstructures of feldspars have been investigated optically in augen gneisses and pegmatites from southern France that exhibit microstructures due to polyphase deformation. This deformation was produced in both cases under a pressure of about 2 Kb and a temperature decreasing from about 550° to 200–300°C.In microcline, recrystallization, tension gashes and shear planes are the most important microstructures observed. In plagioclase, shear planes and kink-bands prevail. The development of these structures is controlled primarily by three parameters: temperature, influence of the surrounding material and amount of bulk strain. The orientation of the planes of anisotropy of the minerals with respect to the compression axis is also important. Some perthitic patterns are ascribed to deformation. 相似文献
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