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Flood risk perception in lands “protected” by 100-year levees 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Under the US National Flood Insurance Program, lands behind levees certified as protecting against the 100-year flood are
considered to be out of the officially recognized “floodplain.” However, such lands are still vulnerable to flooding that
exceeds the design capacity of the levees—known as residual risk. In the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California, we encounter
the curious situation that lands below sea level are considered not “floodplain” and open to residential and commercial development
because they are “protected” by levees. Residents are not informed that they are at risk from floods, because officially they
are not in the floodplain. We surveyed residents of a recently constructed subdivision in Stockton, California, to assess
their awareness of their risk of flooding. Median household income in the development was $80,000, 70% of respondents had
a 4-year university degree or higher, and the development was ethnically mixed. Despite the levels of education and income,
they did not understand the risk of being flooded. Given that literature shows informed individuals are more likely to take
preventative measures than uninformed individuals, our results have important implications for flood policy. Climate-change-induced
sea-level rise exacerbates the problems posed by increasing urbanization and aging infrastructure, increasing the threat of
catastrophic flooding in the California Delta and in flood-prone areas worldwide. 相似文献
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