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随着21世纪人类城市化建设的发展，城市环境地质研究成为水工环地质研究领域的一个重要组成部分，城市建设中的最主要问题是水资源问题和环境地质问题。城市水资源问题有：城市后备水源地的研究，以及应急水资源地和地下水库的研究。城市环境地质问题主要包括：（1）围绕城市建设和发展的一般性资源、地质环境问题；（2）城市地质作用产生的地质环境问题；（3）城市人口密集区及工业区的土壤和水体有机污染问题。解决城市环境地质问题的关键是对地下空间地层岩性及构造条件的研究，通过这些基础条件研究分析城市地质环境和地下水资源问题。可视化研究技术通过对城市地质体在地下空间的相对位置、形态、物化特征等三维构模处理，使这些城市赖以存在的地质基础条件可为非专业的决策层所理解，并在城市发展的规划中体现这些大自然所赋予人类的地下空间资源的价值。应用三维可视化技术对城市环境地质研究是一个全新的研究领域，目前尚没有系统完整的应用先例。三维可视化技术将在城市化环境地质研究中，开拓一个崭新的环境地质研究时代，成为城市环境地质研究的发展方向。 相似文献
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The dose-response relationship between No. 2 fuel oil and the growth of the salt marsh grass,Spartina alterniflora 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effect of No. 2 fuel oil on the biomass production of the salt marsh plant, Spartina alterniflora, was studied in a greenhouse dose-response experiment. S. alterniflora were transplanted into soil with 10 dosage levels of No. 2 fuel oil ranging from 0 to 456 mg g(-1) dry soil. Three months after transplantation, values for plant biomass, stem density, and shoot height decreased significantly with increasing fuel oil level in a dose-response fashion. Evapo-transpiration rates were correlated with the total biomass response. Relative to the control, a significant decrease in total (above- plus below-ground) plant biomass was observed at concentrations above 57 mg g(-1) dry soil. Within the 3-month experimental period, detrimental effects on below-ground biomass accumulation and bioluminescence of the marine bacterium Viberio fisheri in the Microtox Solid Phase Test were observed at oil concentrations >29 mg g(-1) dry soil, suggesting that biological effects of oil within the sediment matrix may be more pronounced than on above-ground biomass, requiring a dosage 228 mg g(-1) dry soil to elicit a significant detrimental effect. Hence, measurements of oil effects with biological end-points based solely on above-ground responses may underestimate the potential impacts of petroleum hydrocarbon spills, especially when the oil has penetrated the soil. While S. alterniflora was proved to be relatively tolerant to the No. 2 fuel oil spills, its effectiveness in phytoremediation operations may be limited at fuel oil levels 228 mg g(-1) dry soil, as both plant growth and microbial activity may be constrained. 相似文献
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Hardman-Mountford NJ Allen JI Frost MT Hawkins SJ Kendall MA Mieszkowska N Richardson KA Somerfield PJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(12):1463-1471
Adaptive management of the marine environment requires an understanding of the complex interactions within it. Establishing levels of natural variability within and between marine ecosystems is a necessary prerequisite to this process and requires a monitoring programme which takes account of the issues of time, space and scale. In this paper, we argue that an ecosystem approach to managing the marine environment should take direct account of climate change indicators at a regional level if it is to cope with the unprecedented change expected as a result of human impacts on the earth climate system. We discuss the purpose of environmental monitoring and the importance of maintaining long-term time series. Recommendations are made on the use of these data in conjunction with modern extrapolation and integration tools (e.g. ecosystem models, remote sensing) to provide a diagnostic approach to the management of marine ecosystems, based on adaptive indicators and dynamic baselines. 相似文献
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Desa E Zingde MD Vethamony P Babu MT D'Sousa SN Verlecar XN 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(1):73-79
Spatial and temporal variations of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) in the Gulf of Kachchh (GoK), India are assessed based on data collected since 1976. DO concentrations in the interior GoK vary within a narrow range (6.05-6.86 mg l(-1)), whereas near-shore waters show wider variations (3.5-7.8 mg l(-1)). The DO concentration levels in the Gulf waters are close to saturation, varying from 75.4% to 108.6%, which is much higher than the 60% saturation level set for the SW-1 waters. BOD-DO simulation shows that when effluents containing a BOD concentration of 50.0 mg l(-1) are introduced at three select locations, DO reduces from 5.1 mg l(-1) to 3.1, 5.0 and 3.8 mg l(-1), respectively, indicating a strong sensitivity to effluent load. Based on the DO analysis, BOD assimilation capacity of coastal waters around the Marine National Park (MNP) and Marine Sanctuary (MS) in the Gulf is determined. DO available for utilization for various categories of water use is illustrated, keeping in mind the ecology of MNP and MS areas. The significance of DO as a target indicator to zone the Gulf for different water use, is highlighted in this study. 相似文献
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Panigada S Pesante G Zanardelli M Capoulade F Gannier A Weinrich MT 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,52(10):1287-1298
This paper reviews and analyzes ship collision records for the relatively isolated population of fin whales in the Mediterranean Sea from 1972 to 2001. Out of 287 carcasses, 46 individuals (16.0%) were certainly killed by boats. The minimum mean annual fatal collision rate increased from 1 to 1.7 whales/year from the 1970s to the 1990s. Fatal strike events (82.2%) were reported in or adjacent to the Pelagos Sanctuary, characterized by high levels of traffic and whale concentrations. Among 383 photo-identified whales, 9 (2.4%) had marks that were attributed to a ship impact. The reported rates are unusually high for baleen whales. The high likelihood of unreported fatal strikes combined with other anthropogenic threats suggests an urgent need for a comprehensive, basin-wide conservation strategy, including ship strike mitigation requirements, like real-time monitoring of whale presence and distribution to re-locate ferry routes to areas of lower cetacean density, and reducing ship speed in high cetacean density areas. 相似文献