Following the 2010 VEI 4 eruption of Merapi volcano, more than 250 lahars were triggered during two rainy seasons from October 2010 to March 2012. This high number of post-eruption lahars mainly occurred in the Kali (valley) Putih watershed and was mostly associated with high-magnitude rainstorms. A lahar occurring on January 8, 2011, caused significant damage to homes in several communities, bridges, sabo dams, and agricultural crops. The aims of this contribution are to document the impacts of lahars on the Kali Putih watershed and specifically (1) to analyze the lahar frequency during the period of 1969–2012 on an inter-annual and intra-annual basis and to determine the link between the volume of tephra and the frequency of lahars; (2) to detail the lahar trajectory and channel evolution following the January 8th lahar; (3) to map the spatial distribution of the thickness and geomorphic effects of the lahar deposit; and (4) to determine the impacts of the lahar on the infrastructure (sabo dams and roads) and settlements in the distal area of the volcano. The Kali Putih watershed has experienced 62 lahars, which represent 22% of all lahars triggered on 17 rivers at Merapi between 2010 and 2012. The main geomorphic impacts are: (1) excessive sedimentation in valleys, settlements and agricultural areas; (2) undercutting of the river banks by as much as 50 m, accompanied by channel widening; and (3) abrupt changes in the river channel direction in the distal area (15–20 km downstream of the volcano). About 19 sabo dams were damaged, and 3 were totally destroyed. Over 307 houses were damaged, and the National Road Yogyakarta–Semarang was regularly cut (18 times during approximately 25 days). Although the sabo dams on Kali Putih were originally constructed to protect distal areas from lahar damage, they had little effect on the 2010–2012 rain-triggered lahars. The underlying design of those dams along this river is one of the main reasons for the major destruction in this sector of the volcano’s lower slope. The catch basin capacity of the sabo dam was only 1.75?×?106 m3, whereas the total volume of the 2010–2011 lahars exceeded 5?×?106 m3. In order to prepare for future lahars, the government has invested in significant mitigation measures, ranging from structural approaches (e.g., building new sabo dams and developing an early warning system) to non-structural approaches (e.g., contingency and preparedness planning and hazard education).
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1.
Tidal inundation mapping under enhanced land subsidence in Semarang,Central Java Indonesia 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Tidal inundation by high tide under enhanced land subsidence is a damaging phenomenon and a major threat to the Semarang urban
area in Indonesia. It impacts on economic activities, as well as the cost of an emergency program and causes interruption
of pubic services, danger of infectious diseases and injury to human lives. This study examines a spatial analysis tool on
the GIS-raster system for the tidal inundation mapping based on the subsidence-benchmark data and modified detail digital
elevation model. Neighborhood operation and iteration model as a spatial analysis tool have been applied in order to calculate
the encroachment of the tidal inundation on the coastal area. The resulting map shows that the tidal flood spreads to the
lowland area and causes the inundation of coastal settlement, infrastructure, as well as productive agricultural land, i.e.,
the fish-pond area. The monitoring of the vulnerable area due to the tidal inundation under the scenario of extended land
subsidence plays an important role in long-term coastal zone management in Semarang. 相似文献
2.
The research was conducted on the outskirts of Yogyakarta City that administratively include three districts of Sleman Regency, namely Depok, Gamping, and Mlati, and three districts of Bantul Regency, namely Kasihan, Sewon, and Banguntapan. It aimed to obtain a deeper understanding on the perceptions of stakeholders on the regional transformation phenomena occurring on the outskirts of Yogyakarta City. This is a qualitative case study research with a single case. The case study research method was selected because the observed phenomenon is contemporary and the analyzed issue is unique. It used a qualitative method with field observations and in-depth interviews to several informants as data acquisition techniques. The informants were stakeholders from state/government, private sector/entrepreneur, academics, and civil society, which were selected using purposive sampling method. The research data processing and analysis included: (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, and (3) data conclusion. In order to examine the reliability and validity of the data, the research used source triangulation method. The results showed that all stakeholders perceived the regional transformation on the outskirts of Yogyakarta City to have positive and negative consequences on various dimensions. The positive ones were the economic opportunities, generated by the regional transformation process, for both the native people and the migrants. Aside from these positive consequences, the regional transformation on the outskirts of Yogyakarta City also caused negative impacts on the physical, economic, social, and cultural dimensions of the outskirts. 相似文献
3.
Hadmoko Danang Sri de Belizal Edouard Mutaqin Bachtiar Wahyu Dipayana Gilang Arya Marfai Muh Aris Lavigne Franck Sartohadi Junun Worosuprojo Suratman Starheim Colette C. A. Gomez Christopher 《Natural Hazards》2018,94(1):419-444
4.
P. J. Ward M. A. Marfai F. Yulianto D. R. Hizbaron J. C. J. H. Aerts 《Natural Hazards》2011,56(3):899-916
Coastal flooding poses serious threats to coastal areas, and the vulnerability of coastal communities and economic sectors
to flooding will increase in the coming decades due to environmental and socioeconomic changes. It is increasingly recognised
that estimates of the vulnerability of cities are essential for planning adaptation measures. Jakarta is a case in point,
since parts of the city are subjected to regular flooding on a near-monthly basis. In order to assess the current and future
coastal flood hazard, we set up a GIS-based flood model of northern Jakarta to simulate inundated area and value of exposed
assets. Under current conditions, estimated damage exposure to extreme coastal flood events with return periods of 100 and
1,000 years is high (€4.0 and €5.2 billion, respectively). Under the scenario for 2100, damage exposure associated with these
events increases by a factor 4–5, with little difference between low/high sea-level rise scenarios. This increase is mainly
due to rapid land subsidence and excludes socioeconomic developments. We also develop a detemporalised inundation scenario
for assessing impacts associated with any coastal flood scenario. This allows for the identification of critical points above
which large increases in damage exposure can be expected and also for the assessment of adaptation options against hypothetical
user-defined levels of change, rather than being bound to a discrete set of a priori scenarios. The study highlights the need
for urgent attention to the land subsidence problem; a continuation of the current rate would result in catastrophic increases
in damage exposure. 相似文献
5.
GeoJournal - Gamalama is an active stratovolcano on Ternate, a small volcanic island in Maluku Utara, Indonesia. Since 1510, a total of 77 eruptions have been recorded, with various impacts on the... 相似文献
6.
Sudip Dey Chandrani Debbarma Prasamita Sarkar Muh Aris Marfai 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2011,4(5-6):899-906
This paper discusses an experiment on digital imaging and visualizing the surface condition of the sediment depositions. For that purpose, a part of South Tripura district was selected as sampling site. Physically, the selected area is located in a fold belt and preserves the history of Tertiary–Quaternary landform evolution in the main types of sediment depositions. Three samples, each from the different types of Tertiary depositions, were finally taken for thick section making, optical microscopy under reflected light, and soft computing. Geometric optical measurement and physical optical measurement were done to understand the surface condition of Bokabil, Tipam, and Duplitila samples by bidirectional reflectance distribution function and radiometric scales (within 0–255 digital number values). Maximum surface smoothness or near-perfect reflection surface was measured by brightness–contrast slicing operation. 相似文献
7.
Yus Budiyono Jeroen Aerts JanJaap Brinkman Muh Aris Marfai Philip Ward 《Natural Hazards》2015,75(1):389-413
8.
Lintang Nur Fadlillah Widyastuti M. Geottongsong Tanita Sunarto Marfai Muh Aris 《Water Resources》2019,46(6):832-843
Water Resources - Understanding estuarine characteristics is crucial for managing aquatic ecosystem and aquaculture. A delta is a dynamic area that influence by both sea and river. Research on a... 相似文献
9.
Some observations from radiometric ‘8 bit’ data of sediment thin sections based on alternative petrographic image analysis method 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sudip Dey Suvendu Ghosh Chandrani Debbarma Prasamita Sarkar Mhu Aris Marfai Sabyasachi Maiti 《Journal of Earth System Science》2009,118(2):163-173
This paper deals with the experiment of sediment microstructure analysis especially microfabric mapping by digital imaging.
For that purpose the greyscale images (Red band from RGB combination) of the thin sections have been prepared from the selected
12 samples. The basis of this mapping is the reflectance capacity of different sediments which is influenced by the physical
parameters like grain size and colour. The reflectances of different sediments are represented in digital format by different
DN values from 0–255 within the radiometric ranges of ‘8 bit’ data. Density slicing has been chosen as the method of microstructure
mapping in this research. This study shows that lower DN values normally present dark coloured coarser sand and clay while
higher DN values present light coloured finer sediment samples. In the selected samples for this study the maximum DN value
has been found from micaceous materials. Another remarkable thing observed from the microfabric mapping is that the presence
of coarser sediments forms complex microfabric pattern than the finer sediments in the study area. Though this method have
some demerits, still its simple technique can be very useful for accurate microstructure analysis. 相似文献
10.
Indonesia is one country in the world featuring a complex tectonic structure. This condition makes earthquakes often occur in many areas of this country and as an earthquake rages beneath the sea, it will potentially trigger tsunami. One of the areas in Indonesia with a high seismic activity is Sulawesi region particularly in the Sulawesi Sea subduction zone, making it important to carry out a study on the potential tsunami at this location. The purpose of this study was to analyze the existing huge potential energy in Sulawesi Sea subduction zone and to identify tsunami modeling likely to occur based on the potential energy of the region. The approach used in assessing the tsunami disaster was the calculation of the potential energy of an earthquake and tsunami modeling based on the potential energy. The method used in this research was the least squares method for the calculation of potential energy, and near-field tsunami modeling with the assistance of TUNAMI-N2 COD. The research finding has shown that the Sulawesi Sea subduction zone has potential energy of 1.35469?×?1023 erg, equivalent to an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.6 Mw. The tsunami modeling made shown the average wave propagation reaching ashore within 12.3 min with a height varying between 0.1 and >?3 m. The tsunami modeling also indicated that there are seven sub-districts in Buol District, Central Sulawesi, which is affected by a significant tsunami. 相似文献
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