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1.
Variations in extreme wind speed over the European part of the Arctic are studied from the data of meteorological observations, reanalysis, and modeling based on the INM CM4 climate model. It is demonstrated that the extremes determined from the observational data are a mixture of two datasets well simulated by the Weibull distribution. According to the special metaphoric terminology, they are called “black swans” and “dragons.” The analysis of extreme wind speeds based on the reanalysis and INM CM4 data demonstrated that they consist of “black swans” only. This important fact indicates that the models (at least those with medium horizontal resolution) are not able to simulate some essential circulation mechanisms causing the formation of significant anomalies of wind speed. Hence, the problem of direct identification of wind speed extremes based on the atmospheric modeling remains open. 相似文献
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A.S. Alekseev A.V. Belonosova I.A. Burmakov G.V. Krasnopevtseva N.N. Matveeva G.L. Nersessov N.I. Pavlenkova V.G. Romanov V.Z. Ryaboy 《Tectonophysics》1973,20(1-4):47-56
Recent seismological studies of low-velocity layers in the U.S.S.R. have led to the development of new methods of investigation. The most important results obtained are presented in this paper. Several new techniques of record treatment and advanced computer programs make it possible to solve two-dimensional problems of seismic wave propagation in complex media and to outline zones of velocity inversion in the crust and mantle of many regions in the U.S.S.R.Zones of this type seem to occur only locally and are typical of some particular geostructures. Lateral inhomogeneities are also found to be closely related to geological features. Their depths sometimes can reach 300–400 km. 相似文献
3.
Michael Ivanov Adriano Mazzini Valentina Blinova Elena Kozlova Jan-Sverre Laberg Tatiana Matveeva Marco Taviani Nikita Kaskov 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2010
Multidisciplinary study of seep-related structures on Southern Vøring Plateau has been performed during several UNESCO/IOC TTR cruises on R/V Professor Logachev. High-resolution sidescan sonar and subbottom profiler data suggest that most of the studied fluid discharge structures have a positive relief at their central part surrounded by depression. Our data shows that the present day fluid activity is concentrated on the top of these “seep mounds”. Number of high hydrocarbon (HC) gas saturated sediment cores and 5 cores with gas hydrate presence have been recovered from these structures. δ13C of methane (between −68 and −94.6‰ VPDB) and dry composition of the gas points to its biogenic origin. The sulfate depletion generally occurs within the upper 30–200 cm bsf and usually coincides with an increase of methane concentration. Pore water δ18O ranges from 0.29 to 1.14‰ showing an overall gradual increase from bottom water values (δ18O ∼ 0.35‰). Although no obvious evidence of fluid seepage was observed during the TV surveys, coring data revealed a broad distribution of living Pogonophora and bacterial colonies on sea bottom inside seep structures. These evidences point to ongoing fluid activity (continuous seepage of methane) through these structures. From other side, considerable number and variety of chemosynthetic macro fauna with complete absence of living species suggest that present day level of fluid activity is significantly lower than it was in past. Dead and subfossil fauna recovered from various seep sites consist of solemyid (Acharax sp.), thyasirid and vesicomyid (cf. Calyptogena sp.) bivalves belonging to chemosymbiotic families. Significant variations in δ13C (−31.6‰ to −59.2‰) and δ18O (0.42‰ and 6.4‰) of methane-derived carbonates collected from these structures most probably related to changes in gas composition and bottom water temperature between periods of their precipitation. This led us to ideas that: (1) seep activity on the Southern Vøring Plateau was started with large input of the deep thermogenic gas and gradually decries in time with increasing of biogenic constituent; (2) authigenic carbonate precipitation started at the near normal deep sea environments with bottom water temperature around +5 °C and continues with gradual cooling up to negative temperatures recording at present time. 相似文献
4.
The Present-Day Hydrochemical State of Hydroecosystems Suffering the Technogenic Effect of AO Apatit
Hydrochemical studies have been carried out to assess the extent of molybdenum and aluminum pollution of wastewaters from Apatit plant and natural water bodies suffering higher technogenic load. The main sources of surface water pollution by aluminum and molybdenum have been identified. The interrelationship between the natural and technogenic factors at the formation of aluminum- and molybdenum-containing wastewaters as well as quarry and mine waters has been studied. 相似文献
5.
I. A. Pozdnyakova I. V. Galitskaya O. K. Mironov I. A. Kostikova A. L. Dorozhko G. I. Batrak L. A. Matveeva K. I. Fesel 《Water Resources》2016,43(7):1012-1022
An original procedure for mapping hydrogeological windows is based on studying the geological structure of the massif overlaying the Podol’sko-Myachkovskii aquifer, changes in the hydrodynamic and hydrogeochemical conditions in the zone of “windows”; as well as calculating the travel time of contaminants in the vertical flow from the Meso-Cenozoic to Podol’sko-Myachkovskii Carboniferous aquifer. Both the areal and vertical distributions of low-permeability deposits are taken into account along with the variations of their thickness and permeability. The results obtained can be used in the development of groundwater protection measures and economic activity regulations in areas with hydrogeological windows. 相似文献
6.
Yury V. Fedorenko Tatiana Matveeva Elena Beketova Eystein S. Husebye 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2008,168(3-4):231-236
A long-standing problem in operational seismology is that of reliable focal depth estimation. Standard analyst practice is to pick and identify a ‘phase’ in the P-coda. This picking will always produce a depth estimate but without any validation it cannot be trusted. In this article we ‘hunt’ for standard depth phases like pP, sP and/or PmP but unlike the analyst we use Bayes statistics for classifying the probability that polarization characteristics of pickings belong to one of the mentioned depth phases given preliminary epicenter information. In this regard we describe a general-purpose PC implementation of the Bayesian methodology that can deal with complex nonlinear models in a flexible way. The models are represented by a data-flow diagram that may be manipulated by the analyst through a graphical-programming environment. An analytic signal representation is used with the imaginary part being the Hilbert transform of the signal itself. The pickings are in terms of a plot of posterior probabilities as a function of time for pP, Sp or PmP being within the presumed azimuth and incident angle sectors for given preliminary epicenter locations. We have tested this novel focal depth estimation procedure on explosion and earthquake recordings from Cossack Ranger II stations in Karelia, NW Russia, and with encouraging results. For example, pickings deviating more than 5° off ‘true’ azimuth are rejected while Pn-incident angle estimate exhibit considerable scatter. A comprehensive test of our approach is not quite easy as recordings from so-called Ground Truth events are elusive. 相似文献
7.
V. I. Trukhin N. S. Bezaeva T. V. Matveeva P. Rauchette 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2006,42(2):136-148
The paper addresses the physical mechanism of the magnetization self-reversal in rocks. The self-reversal is the phenomenon of magnetization of a rock in the direction antiparallel to the magnetizing field. Experimental data on the self-reversal of thermal and thermoremanent magnetizations in natural analogues of hemoilmenites and synthetic hemoilmenites are presented. It is shown that the most probable mechanism of self-reversal is the single-phase Néel mechanism of the N-type. The N-type mechanism underlies the physical mechanism and numerical model of self-reversal developed in the paper. The numerical modeling results are compared with experimental data. 相似文献
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9.
K.D. Cole R.J. Morris E.T. Matveeva V.A. Troitskaya O.A. Pokhotelov 《Planetary and Space Science》1982,30(2):129-136
A model is proposed in which a mixture of hot solar wind and cold atmospheric plasma flowing in the dayside equatorial boundary layer towards the dawn-dusk plane generates hydromagnetic waves near the frequency where ωBi is the ion gyrofrequency and T∥, T⊥ are the temperatures of the solar wind plasma, parallel and perpendicular respectively to the magnetic field B. The model accounts for the properties of IPRP events, i.e. intervals of geomagnetic pulsations of periods rising on average from about 2 s to about 7 s over an interval of about 5 min. The diagnostic potential of this phenomenon for study of the boundary layer is indicated. 相似文献
10.
Doklady Earth Sciences - 相似文献