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青藏高原中部水蒸发过程中的氧稳定同位素变化 总被引：18，自引：4，他引：14
作为青藏高原稳定同位素水文循环的一个重部分,１９９８年夏首次在青藏高原中部的那曲和安多两地同时进行了水蒸发过程中氧稳定同位素变化观测研究,模拟和实验结果都显示出大气相对湿度对水蒸发过程中氧稳定同位素变化的显著影响,模拟结果不显示剩余水中δ＾１８Ｏ与剩余水比率呈指数关系,但实验分析结果表明,蒸发过程中剩余水中δ＾１８Ｏ与剩余水比率更接近于线性关系,这种关系可以定量地表示出来,从理论上与实验中都可以计 相似文献
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根据青藏高原中部那曲河流域1998年夏季测得的上下游中稳定同位素的日变化,并与同期观测的流域降水中稳定同位素比较,分析了河水中δ18O的变化特征,初步研究了该流域的稳定同位素水文循环过程.河水中δ18O的变化幅度远小于降水,它是降水中δ18O、降水量以及地表蒸发过程共同作用的结果.研究发现湖水对于稳定同位素变化起着显著的调节作用.河水中δ18O与流域降水中δ18O的差异可能反映了该流域强烈的地表和湖面蒸发作用. 相似文献
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Abstract To understand the characteristics of long‐term spatial and temporal variation in volcanism within a volcanic arc undergoing constant subduction since the cessation of back‐arc opening, a detailed investigation of middle Miocene to Quaternary volcanism was carried out within the Chokai‐Kurikoma area of the Northeast Japan Arc. This study involved a survey of available literature, with new K–Ar and fission track dating, and chemical analyses. Since 14 Ma, volcanism has occurred within the Chokai‐Kurikoma area in specific areas with a ‘branch‐like’ pattern, showing an east–west trend. This is in marked contrast to the widespread distribution of volcanism with a north–south trend in the 20–14 Ma period. The east–west‐ trending ‘branches’ are characterized by regular intervals (50–100 km) of magmatism along the arc. These branches since 14 Ma are remarkably discrepant to the general northwest–southeast or north‐northeast–south‐southwest direction of the crustal structures that have controlled Neogene to Quaternary tectonic movements in northeast Japan. In addition, evidence indicating clustering and focusing of volcanism into smaller regions since 14 Ma was verified. Comparison of the distribution and chemistry of volcanic rocks for three principal volcanic stages (11–8, 6–3 and 2–0 Ma) revealed that widely but sparsely distributed volcanic rocks had almost the same level of alkali and incompatible element concentrations throughout the area (with the exception of Zr) in the 11–8 Ma stage. However, through the 6–3 Ma stage to the 2–0 Ma stage, the concentration level in the back‐arc cluster increased, while that in the volcanic front cluster remained almost constant. Therefore, the degree of partial melting has decreased, most likely with a simultaneous increase in the depth of magma segregation within the back‐arc zone, whereas within the volcanic front zone, the conditions of magma generation have changed little over the three stages. In conclusion, the evolution of the thermal structure within the mantle wedge across the arc since 14 Ma has reduced the extent of ascending mantle diapirs into smaller fields. This has resulted in the tendency for the distribution of volcanism to become localized and concentrated into more specific areas in the form of clusters from the late Miocene to Quaternary. 相似文献
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青藏高原中部降水稳定同位素变化与季风活动 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14
根据1998年夏季中日GAME／Tibet项目在青藏高原中部进行的降水中稳定同位素研究结果以及相关的气象观测资料，分析了青藏高原中部夏季降水中δ^18O的变化规律。研究结果发现，青藏高原中部夏季降水中δ^18O的波动与大规模天气活动有关，而不是地方性的气象条件。该地区降水中δ^18O对水汽来源的变化以及水汽的输送过程十分敏感。夏季伴随西南季风进入高原南部的水汽形成的降水中δ^18O较低，而且季风活动越强，降水中δ^18O也越来低。从青藏高原北部而来的水汽或地方蒸发水汽形成的降水，其δ^18O值较高。 相似文献
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Late Cenozoic volcanic activity in the Chugoku area, southwest Japan arc during back-arc basin opening and reinitiation of subduction 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Jun-Ichi Kimura Tomoyuki Kunikiyo Isaku Osaka Takashi Nagao Seiki Yamauchi Susumu Kakubuchi Shomei Okada Norie Fujibayashi Ryuhei Okada Hisashi Murakami Takashi Kusano Koji Umeda Shintaro Hayashi Tsuneari Ishimaru Atusi Ninomiya Atsushi Tanase 《Island Arc》2003,12(1):22-45
Abstract Temporal–spatial variations in Late Cenozoic volcanic activity in the Chugoku area, southwest Japan, have been examined based on 108 newly obtained K–Ar ages. Lava samples were collected from eight Quaternary volcanic provinces (Daisen, Hiruzen, Yokota, Daikonjima, Sambe, Ooe–Takayama, Abu and Oki) and a Tertiary volcanic cluster (Kibi Province) to cover almost all geological units in the province. Including published age data, a total of 442 Cenozoic radiometric ages are now available. Across‐arc volcanic activity in an area approximately 500 km long and 150 km wide can be examined over 26 million years. The period corresponds to syn‐ and post‐back‐arc basin opening stages of the island arc. Volcanic activity began in the central part of the rear‐arc ca 26 Ma. This was followed by arc‐wide expansion at 20 Ma by eruption at two rear‐arc centers located at the eastern and western ends. Expansion to the fore‐arc occurred between 20 and 12 Ma. This Tertiary volcanic arc was maintained until 4 Ma with predominant alkali basalt centers. The foremost‐arc zone activity ceased at 4 Ma, followed by quiescence over the whole arc between 4 and 3 Ma. Volcanic activity resumed at 3 Ma, covering the entire rear‐arc area, and continued until the present to form a Quaternary volcanic arc. Adakitic dacite first occurred at 1.7 Ma in the middle of the arc, and spread out in the center part of the Quaternary volcanic arc. Alkali basalt activities ceased in the area where adakite volcanism occurred. Fore‐arc expansion of the volcanic arc could be related to the upwelling and expansion of the asthenosphere, which caused opening of the Japan Sea. Narrowing of the volcanic zone could have been caused by progressive Philippine Sea Plate subduction. Deeper penetration could have caused melting of the slab and resulted in adakites. Volcanic history in the Late Cenozoic was probably controlled by the history of evolution of the upper mantle structure, coinciding with back‐arc basin opening and subsequent reinitiation of subduction. 相似文献
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