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A. Pouclet M. Vidal J.-C. Doumnang J.-P. Vicat R. Tchameni 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2006,44(4-5):543
In the Lake Léré region, southern Chad, Neoproterozoic terrains are distributed in four lithostructural groups that reveal the geotectonic evolution of a part of the Pan-African orogenic domain. The first group includes basaltic volcanic rocks and fine-grained detrital sedimentary rocks of pre-tectonic basins that were emplaced in an extensional regime, close to a volcanic arc. The second and third groups include calc-alkaline gabbroic intrusions emplaced at an upper crustal level and a midcrustal tonalite, respectively, that are interpreted to be the roots of an active margin volcanic arc. These first three groups experienced WNW to ESE compression, and may belong to a fore-arc basic—volcanic arc—back-arc basin system that was accreted eastward to the Palaeoproterozoic Adamaoua-Yadé Block. The fourth group includes post-tectonic granite plutons invading the older groups. This paper documents the accretion processes in the southern margin of the Saharan Metacraton. 相似文献
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A petrographic and geochemical study of 15 Early Jurassic and 7 Proterozoic dolerites of French Guyana, and of one Jurassic dolerite from Ivory-Coast were carried out. The Early Jurassic SSW-NNE trending dykes have doleritic aphyric or gabbroic phyric texture. Their chemical compositions, slightly under-saturated to over-saturated, show moderate to low Mg-ratios (63–36), high TiO2 contents (1.85–3.56 wt.%), weak rare earth element fractionation [1.8<(La/Yb)n <4.6], negative Sr-anomalies (0.41<Sr* <0.91) and positive TiO2-anomalies (1.2<TiO2*<2.15). They correspond to sub-alkaline high-Ti basalts (HTiB). The La/Nb ratio (1.18±0.23) is close to that of the OIB-type Deccan basalts and incompatible element ratios: Rb/Nbn (1.07±0.3), Zr/Y (4.6±0.8) are intermediate between those of HTiB in Deccan and those of HTiB in Paraná. These geochemical signatures and recent isotopic data of Bertrand et al. [Bertrand, H., Liegeois, J.P., Deckart, K., Féraud, G., 1999. High-Ti tholeiites in Guinea and Their Connection with the Central Atlantic CFB Province: Elemental and Nd-Sr-Pb Isotopic Evidence for Preferential Zone of Mantle Upwelling in Cause of Rifting. AGU spring meeting (Abst. p 317)] suggest that their magmatic source is different from that of the other basalts of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP). Such signatures are restricted to a central zone coinciding with the Panafrican Rokelides suture. We propose a model of sub-lithospheric preferential channelling of an asthenospheric ascent in this zone. Two other groups of dykes were identified in French Guyana. Compared to the Jurassic ones the Proterozoic dykes have NNW-SSE and E-W trending direction, more important LILE enrichment, low TiO2 contents (<2 wt%) and Nb–Ta negative anomalies. Their calc-alkaline signature could be the result of a previous subduction and may be related to the 1800 Ma Venturi-Tapajós event, which contaminated the mantle source. 相似文献
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Jean-Paul Vicat Hubert Mvondo Luc Willems André Pouclet 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(8):545-550
Numerous karstic features have been recognised in the non-carbonaceous micaschists and gneisses of the Yaoundé Pan-African nappe, south of Cameroon. It is shown that their formation was controlled by the structural features of the rocks. The wells and the pipes in the bedrock outcrops point out a current karstification process, resulting from the plagioclase dissolution by the acid rain waters. Hill wall alveoli and caves, of pre-Miocene age, are exhumed features that were done by dissolution in the aquiferous underground. To cite this article: J.-P. Vicat et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 545–550. 相似文献
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The Séguéla area in Ivory Coast is known for its diamond-bearing field related to dykes of kimberlite and lamproite. These dykes, devoid of any deformation and metamorphism, crosscut the Birimian formations. Their N 170° orientation is controlled by the tectonized contact between the Archean and the Paleoproterozoic shields of the West-African craton. Discovery of a diatreme, with its pipe breccias and well-preserved maar sediments, below the present-day colluvia, attests for the probable recent geological age (Cretaceous?) of the kimberlitic activity. To cite this article: A. Pouclet et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004). 相似文献
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D. G. Nkouathio A. Kagou Dongmo J. M. Bardintzeff P. Wandji H. Bellon A. Pouclet 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2008,94(3-4):287-303
Tombel graben and Mounts Bambouto are two volcanic fields of the typical system of alternating graben and horst structure of the Cameroon Volcanic Line. Tombel graben is a young volcanic field, whereas Mounts Bambouto horst is an old stratovolcano with calderas. Volcanic products in both settings have a signature close to that of Ocean Island Basalt implying a major role of FOZO (focal zone) component and varied contribution of depleted mantle (DMM) and enriched mantle (EM) components. The Cameroon Volcanic Line is a hot line essentially resulting from passive rifting. Eocene to Recent intraplate basaltic volcanism in the study area was probably a result of mantle upwelling coupled with lithospheric extension. The olivine basaltic magma of horst volcanoes evolved in a large-scale, steady-state magmatic reservoir via crystal fractionation and limited contamination to highly differentiated alkaline lavas (trachyte and phonolite). Conversely, rapid ascent of lavas along multiple fault lines of graben structures produced less evolved lavas (hawaiite) within small reservoirs. This model, evaluated for the study area, involves mantle upwelling inside zones of weakness in the lithosphere after intra-continental extension. It can be applied to other parts of the Cameroon Volcanic Line as well, and is similar to that described in other intra-continental rift-related areas in Africa. 相似文献
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Résumé Douze nouvelles datations donnent quelques précisions sur l'histoire magmatique et structurale du rift-ouest de l'Afrique Centrale. Elles concernent des intrusions alcalines situées en bordure du rift et des laves du Sud-Kivu, du sud et de l'ouest des Virunga. Les intrusions alcalines sont datées du Cambrien, Permien, Crétacé et Paléocène. Elles sont liées à des grandes cassures crustales empruntées par le rift. Les premières laves, des basaltes sub-alcalins, apparaissent au Sud-Kivu à l'Eocène. Elles sont suivies par des basaltes alcalins, au Miocène puis au Pléistocène inférieur. Plus au nord, des lambeaux de volcanisme ancien sont datés de l'Oligocène supérieur, au Nord-Idjwi, et du Miocène moyen et supérieur, à l'ouest des Virunga. Ce sont des laves alcalines sodiques. Elles sont antérieures au volcanisme potassique, leucitique et néphélinitique des Virunga apparu à la fin du Pliocène, et encore actif. L'évolution chronologique du magmatisme et de la structure est discutée.
Twelve new datings specify some further details about the magmatic and the structural framework of the Western Rift of Central Africa. They concern alkaline intrusions of the rift border and lavas from Southern Kivu, Southern and Western Virunga. The intrusions have Cambrian, Permian, Cretaceous and Paleocene ages. They are related to the great crustal faults followed by the rift. The early lavas, sub-alkaline basalts, appear in Southern Kivu at the Eocene. They are followed by alkaline basalts, at the Miocene, and then at the lower Pleistocene. To the north, some earlier volcanic remains of alkaline sodic composition have upper Oligocene ages in Northern Idjwi, and middle and upper Miocene ages in Western Virunga. They preceded the potassic, leucitic and nephelinitic volcanism of Virunga which appears at the end of the Pliocene and is still active. We discuss about the chronological magmatic and structural evolution.
Zusammenfassung Zwölf neue Datierungen bestimmen genauer die magmatische und strukturelle Geschichte des Westrifts von Zentralafrika. Sie betreffen am Rand des Rifts liegende alkalische Intrusionen und Laven in Südkivu, südlich und westlich der Virunga. Die alkalischen Intrusionen datieren vom Kambrium, dem Perm, der Kreidezeit und dem Paläozän. Sie stehen in Beziehung zu den vom Rifting gewählten großen Erdrinderissen. Die ersten Laven, subalkalische Basalte, entstehen im Eozän im Südkivu. Dann kommen alkalische Basalte im Miozän und am Unterpleistozän. Nördlicher datieren ältere Vulkanausbrüche vom Oberoligozän im Nordidjwi und vom mittleren Miozän und höheren Miozän westlich der Virunga. Es sind alkalische Natronlaven. Sie sind älter als der kaliumreiche Vulkanismus mit Leucit und Nephelin des am Ende des Pliozäns entstandenen und noch aktiven Vulkanismus. Die chronologische Entwicklung des Magmatismus und der tektonischen Strukturen wird diskutiert.
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ABSTRACT A cave in granitic rocks was studied in Mezesse, South Cameroon. Coralloid speleothems, draperies and dissolution traces on the cave walls attest to its truly karstic nature. The speleothems consist of microlayers of opal and taranakite (K,NH4 )Al3 (PO4 )3 (OH).9H2 O. They indicate a significant mobilization of silica, Al and K from granite during the formation of the cave. Identification of silicified bacteria in the speleothems layers suggests a possible role of these micro-organisms in silica deposition. The presence of taranakite and of silicified organic remains within the speleothems lead to a better understanding of the genesis of the cave. 相似文献
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André Pouclet J. Javier Álvaro Jacques-Marie Bardintzeff Andrés Gil Imaz Eric Monceret Daniel Vizcaïno 《地学前缘(英文版)》2017,8(1):25-64
The Cambrian–lower Ordovician volcanic units of the South Armorican and Occitan domains are analysed in a tectonostratigraphic survey of the French Variscan Belt. The South Armorican lavas consist of continental tholeiites in middle Cambrian–Furongian sequences related to continental break-up. A significant volcanic activity occurred in the Tremadocian, dominated by crustal melted rhyolitic lavas and initial rifting tholeiites. The Occitan lavas are distributed into five volcanic phases: (1) basal Cambrian rhyolites, (2) upper lower Cambrian Mg-rich tholeiites close to N-MORBs but crustal contaminated, (3) upper lower–middle Cambrian continental tholeiites, (4) Tremadocian rhyolites, and (5) upper lower Ordovician initial rift tholeiites. A rifting event linked to asthenosphere upwelling took place in the late early Cambrian but did not evolve. It renewed in the Tremadocian with abundant crustal melting due to underplating of mixed asthenospheric and lithospheric magmas. This main tectono-magmatic continental rift is termed the “Tremadocian Tectonic Belt” underlined by a chain of rhyolitic volcanoes from Occitan and South Armorican domains to Central Iberia. It evolved with the setting of syn-rift coarse siliciclastic deposits overlain by post-rift deep water shales in a suite of sedimentary basins that forecasted the South Armorican–Medio-European Ocean as a part of the Palaeotethys Ocean. 相似文献
10.
Jean-Paul Vicat André Pouclet Yves Bellion Jean-Claude Doumnang 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(12):885-891
Remnants of rhyolite lava-dome and of alkaline microgranite extrusions emerge, as inselbergs, in the alluvial plain, south of Lake Chad. The peralkaline, arfvedsonite- and acmite-bearing rhyolites are determined as pantellerites. They can be related to a tectonomagmatic stage, dated of the Late Cretaceous, of the western central Africa rift system. They may constitute the NNE extension of a N50° to 30° elongated succession of small alkaline complexes, from the Gulf of Guinea to the North-Cameroon, which initiated the magmatic activity of the Cameroon Line. To cite this article: J.-P. Vicat et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 885–891. 相似文献