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1.
The structure of the interstellar plasma in the direction of the pulsar in the Crab Nebula is studied using several sets of space-VLBI observations obtained with networks of ground telescopes and the RadioAstron space antenna at 18 and 92 cm. Six observing sessions spanning two years are analyzed. Giant pulses are used to probe the cosmic plasma, making it possible to measure the scattering parameters without averaging. More than 4000 giant pulses were detected. The interferometer responses (visibility functions) on ground and ground–space baselines are analyzed. On the ground baselines, the visibility function as a function of delay is dominated by a narrow feature at zero delay with a width of δτ ~ 1/B, where B is the receiver bandwidth. This is typical for compact continuum sources. On the ground–space baselines, the visibility function contains a set of features superposed on each other and distributed within a certain interval of delays, which we identify with the scattering time for the interfering rays τ. The amplitude of the visibility function on ground baselines falls with increasing baseline; the scattering disk is partially resolved at 18 cmand fully resolved at 92 cm. Estimates of the scattering angle ? give 0.5–1.3mas at 18 cm and 14.0 mas at 92 cm. The measured values of ? and τ are compared to estimate the distance from the source to the effective scattering screen, which is found at various epochs to be located at distances from 0.33 to 0.96 of the distance from the observer to the pulsar, about 2 kpc. The screen is close to the Crab Nebula at epochs of strong scattering, confirming that scattering on inhomogeneities in the plasma in the vicinity of the nebula itself dominates at these epochs. 相似文献
2.
V. V. Krasnov E. E. Lekht V. M. Minnebaev M. I. Pashchenko G. M. Rudnitskii A. M. Tolmachev 《Astronomy Reports》2018,62(3):200-212
The results of monitoring the H2O maser observed toward the region GH2O 092.67+03.07 (IRAS 21078+5211) located in the Giant Molecular Cloud Cygnus OB7 are presented. The observations were carried out with the 22-m radio telescope of the Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory in 2006–2017. Strong flares of the H2O maser emission with flux densities up to 19 800 Jy were detected. The flares exhibited both global (over the source) and local characters. All the flares were accompanied by strong variations in the H2O spectra within the corresponding radial-velocity ranges. Individual H2O components form both compact clusters and chains 1–2-AU long. Analysis of the variations of the fluxes, radial velocities, and line shapes of features during the flares showed that the medium may be strongly fragmented, with small-scale turbulent motions taking place in the H2Omaser region. 相似文献
3.
We present the results of our observations of the H2O maser emission toward the complex source ON2 associated with an active star-forming region. The observations were performed in a wide range of radial velocities, from ?75 to 90 km s?1. We have detected an emission with flux densities of 9.2, 4, and 26 Jy at radial velocities of ?33.5, ?24.4, and ?18.8 km s?1, respectively, at which no emission has been observed previously. The detected emission is most likely associated with a hitherto unknown cluster of maser spots located between the northern (N) and southern (S) components of the source ON2 (closer to the northern one). This cluster may be associated with one of the three CO molecular outflows in the ON2 region. We have also detected an emission at ?22 and ?14.5 km s?1 in N and at 12.6 km s?1 in S, which has extended significantly the velocity ranges of the maser emission in these sources and allowed their models to be improved. 相似文献
4.
Ashimbaeva N. T. Colom P. Lekht E. E. Pashchenko M. I. Rudnitskii G. M. Tolmachev A. M. 《Astronomy Reports》2019,63(12):1022-1034
Results of observations of the star-forming region S252A in the 1.35-cm H2O and 18-cm OH lines obtained using the 22-m Pushchino (Russia) and Nancay (France) radio telescopes are presented. A catalog of H2O maser spectra for 1995-2019 is presented. The variability of the integrated flux has two components: a cyclic component with a time interval between cycles ~30-35 yrs and a short-period component with a mean period of about 2.6 yrs. This may reflect non-stationary formation of a protostar. It is shown that the medium where the H2O maser emission and thermal OH emission are generated is strongly fragmented, and contains small-scale turbulent motions comparable to the thermal motions of the matter. The observed drift and jumps in the radial velocity of the H2O emission features could be a consequence of complex, non-uniform structure of the maser condensations.
相似文献5.
N. T. Ashimbaeva P. Colom V. V. Krasnov E. E. Lekht M. I. Pashchenko G. M. Rudnitskii A. M. Tolmachev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(1):16-29
The results of observations of OH (λ = 18 cm) and H2O (λ = 1.35 cm) masers toward AS 501 obtained with the Nançay Observatory Radio Telescope (France) and the 22-m radio telescope of the Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory (Russia), respectively, are presented. Nine cycles of H2O maser activity ranging from 2.8 to 6.0 years were detected, identifying AS 501 as an irregular variable star. Zeeman splitting was found only in the 1612-MHz satellite line at ?59.2 km/s. The splitting is 0.11 km/s, corresponding to a line-of-sight magnetic field strength of 0.48 mG. The field is directed toward the observer. The detected radial-velocity drift of the H2O emission features can be explained in a model with elongated filaments with radial-velocity gradients. 相似文献
6.
The results of observations of the H2O and OH maser sources toward the region of W33C (G12.8-0.2) are reported. The observations were carried out on the 22-m radio telescope of the Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory in the 1.35-cm water-vapor line and on the Large Radio Telescope at Nan?ay (France), in the main (1665 and 1667 MHz) and satellite (1612 and 1720 MHz) OH lines. Multiple, strongly variable, short-lived H2O emission features were detected in a broad interval of radial velocities, from ?7 to 55 km/s. OH maser emission in the 1667-MHz line was detected at velocities of 35?C41 km/s. The Stokes parameters of the maser emission in the main OH lines 1665 and 1667 MHz were measured. Zeeman splitting was detected in the 1665-MHz line at 33.4 and 39.4 km/s, and in the 1667 MHz line only at 39.4 km/s. The magnetic-field intensity was estimated. Appreciable variability of the Zeeman splitting components was observed at 39 and 39.8 km/s in both main lines. The extended spectrum and fast variability of the H2O maser emission, together with the variability of the Zeeman-splitting components in the main OH lines, may indicate a composite clumpy structure of the molecular cloud and the presence of large-scale rotation, bipolar outflows, and turbulent motions of material in this cloud. 相似文献
7.
M. V. Popov A. S. Andrianov N. Bartel C. Gwinn B. C. Joshi D. Jauncey N. S. Kardashev A. G. Rudnitskii T. V. Smirnova V. A. Soglasnov E. N. Fadeev V. I. Shishov 《Astronomy Reports》2016,60(9):792-806
The RadioAstron ground–space interferometer has been used to measure the angular sizes of the scattering disks of the three distant pulsars B1641–45, B1749–28, and B1933+16. The observations were carried out with the participation of the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope; two 32-m telescopes at Torun, Poland and Svetloe, Russia (the latter being one antenna of the KVAZAR network); the Saint Croix VLBA antenna; the Arecibo radio telescope; the Parkes, Narrabri (ATCA), Mopra, Hobart, and Ceduna Australian radio telescopes; and the Hartebeesthoek radio telescope in South Africa. The full widths at half maximum of the scattering disks were 27 mas at 1668 MHz for B1641–45, 0.5 mas at 1668 MHz for B1749–28, and 12.3 at 316 MHz and 0.84 mas at 1668 MHz for B1933+16. The characteristic time scales for scatter-broadening of the pulses on inhomogeneities in the interstellar plasma τsc were also measured for these pulsars using various methods. Joint knowledge of the size of the scattering disk and the scatter-broadening time scale enables estimation of the distance to the effective scattering screen d. For B1641–45, d = 3.0 kpc for a distance to the pulsar D = 4.9 kpc, and for B1749–28, d = 0.95 kpc for D = 1.3 kpc. Observations of B1933+16 were carried out simultaneously at 316 and 1668 MHz. The positions of the screen derived using the measurements at the two frequencies agree: d 1 = 2.6 and d 2 = 2.7 kpc, for a distance to the pulsar of 3.7 kpc. Two screens were detected for this pulsar from an analysis of parabolic arcs in the secondary dynamic spectrum at 1668 MHz, at 1.3 and 3.1 kpc. The scattering screens for two of the pulsars are identified with real physical objects located along the lines of sight toward the pulsars: G339.1–04 (B1641–45) and G0.55–0.85 (B1749–28). 相似文献
8.
V. F. Rudnitskii 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2005,40(1):68-83
Cyclic-facies analysis of stratified volcanic sequences in the ore-controlling depressions makes it possible to recognize the recurrent and genetically related sets of rock layers that make up micro-, meso-, and mega-scale eruptive cycles (elementary cycle, mesocycle, and megacycle). Massive sulfide ores occupy a specific position in geological sections. They are confined to the upper portions of elementary eruptive cycles and hosted in volcanosedimentary units, indicating their formation during the periods of waning volcanic activity. The elementary cycles are not all accompanied by ore mineralization. The mineralization is most complete in the upper elementary cycles of each eruptive meso- and megacycles.Translated from Litologiya i Poleznye Iskopaemye, No. 1, 2005, pp. 78–96.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Rudnitskii. 相似文献
9.
P. Colom E. E. Lekht M. I. Pashchenko G. M. Rudnitskii A. M. Tolmachev 《Astronomy Reports》2018,62(7):440-454
The results of a study of H2O and OH maser emission in the complex region of active star formation W75 N are presented. Observations were obtained using the 22-m radio telescope of the Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory (Russia) and the Nan3ay radio telescope (France). Flaring H2O maser features may be identified with maser spots associated with the sources VLA 1 and VLA 2. Themain H2O flares occurred in VLA 1. The flare emission was associated with either maser clusters having closely spaced radial velocities and sizes up to ~2 AU or individual features. The maser emission is generated in a medium where turbulence on various scales is present. Analysis of the line shapes during flare maxima does not indicate the presence of the simplest structures—homogeneous maser condensations. Strong variability of the OH maser emission was observed. Zeeman splitting of the 1665-MHz line was detected for several features of the same cluster at a radial velocity of +5.5 km/s. The mean line-of-sight magnetic field in this cluster is ~0.5 mG, directed away from the observer. Flares of the OH masers may be due to gas compression at a shock or MHD wave front. 相似文献
10.
Colom P. Ashimbaeva N. T. Lekht E. E. Pashchenko M. I. Rudnitskii G. M. Tolmachev A. M. 《Astronomy Reports》2019,63(7):565-570
The results of observations of OH maser emission in the star-forming region G43.8–0.1 are presented. In spite of strong flux-density variations in the main lines at 1665 and 1667 MHz, the radial velocities of the spectral features varied only slightly. The main spectral features are identified with maser spots in previously published maps for epochs 1993 and 2001. It is suggested that the regions of OH maser emission may be elongated, nonuniform structures with weak radial velocity gradients (larger-scale analogs of water-maser filaments). The line-of-sight magnetic fields are determined for two Zeeman pairs, which remained essentially constant over at least 17 years.
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