白洋淀重新蓄水后的轮虫     

阎书民  张军 《海洋湖沼通报》1991,(1):46-53

1989年对白洋淀重新蓄水后的轮虫作了采样调查,共采到轮虫123种,隶属于46属12科,并对鉴定到种的轮虫作了初步分析。  相似文献   

从平衡-封闭-静态转向非平衡-开放-动力学研究-热液矿床成因的若干新概念概述     

张荣华  胡书敏  张雪彤 《地质学报》2016,90(9):2437-2453

热液金属矿床成因研究过程中,观测与实验始终是密切结合的。上世纪70年代,平衡热力学的实验数据的快速积累,使人们用热力学理论计算可以预测和反演矿石和岩石的成因。但是,没有矿物-水溶液的反应速率数据,又没有与流体力学的结合,搞清楚矿石成因是困难的。七、八十年代,开始研究矿物与水溶液的反应动力学实验。科学家们开始瞄准了从平衡-封闭-静态转向非平衡-开放-动力学研究的这个大方向。1992年我们建立地球化学动力学开放研究实验室。研究高温高压矿物与水反应速率,发现固液的开放体系的自组织现象。实验发现温度影响矿物的各个元素反应速率改变,发现在跨越水临界态时矿物与水反应速率涨落、在近临界的气-液两相不混溶区一些金属进入气相、超临界流体的氧化作用及特别的溶剂性能影响矿物溶解性质。实验证实:临界态区流体与矿石成因有关。水岩相互作用的反应动力学实验温度从低温到550度,揭示矿石的金属来源、迁移、金属与蚀变分带机制。一大批大于300度的矿物与水反应动力学实验在国际界是少有报道的。九十年代,超高压的科学发展,与同步辐射光源的技术进步的结合,使固体地球科学又迈向了地球深内部。我们发展了高温高压流体性质的原位直测(测量850℃水溶液)红外谱,发现深部流体的新性质:气液两相流体的新结构,在临界温度区(300~400℃),水分子氢键网络的破坏受压力影响不大(23MPa~3GPa),同时,出现水的高电导率。研发新仪器为开放-流动-非平衡的反应动力学实验与极端条件下物质性质的直接观测结合,在科学前沿领域开辟了创新道路。  相似文献   

一种基于灰度块匹配的视野监测算法     

肖恭伟  欧吉坤  曹淑敏  高腾飞 《测绘科学》2016,41(12):43-46

针对视野移动方向的判断问题,该文介绍了运动补偿的常用方法及应用,提出了基于灰度块匹配的视野移动监测算法。通过对比各种算法计算复杂度和计算时间,发现灰度投影算法准确率低、计算量较小;块匹配搜索算法中的穷尽搜索算法准确率高,但是计算量较大。为了发挥以上两者算法的优势,将两者结合形成了灰度块匹配算法,并通过实验证实了灰度块匹配算法在实时监测系统中的可行性。  相似文献   

Assessment on characteristics of LUCC process based on complex network in Modern Yellow River Delta,Shandong Province of China     

Baolei Zhang  Le Yin  Shumin Zhang  Chaoyang Feng 《Earth Science Informatics》2016,9(1):83-93

Research on land use cover change (LUCC) has reached a mature stage and has formed a relatively complete scientific system. However, most studies analyzed the LUCC process from the view of land use types ignoring the integrality and systematicness of the land use system, which brought certain constraints to understanding the complexity and systematicness of land use process scientifically. Using the Modern Yellow River Delta (MYRD) of China as the study area, this research introduced the complex network analysis method to the study of the LUCC process by using 9 periods of land use data between 1976 and 2014 to build 8 stages of complex networks. The values of node degree, betweenness, changing proportions, and average shortest path in the networks were calculated to identify the key land use types, changing models of land use types, and the stability of land use system. Additionally, main parts of complex networks of the period from 1976 to 1995 and the period from 1995 to 2014 were selected to evaluate the changing characteristics of the LUCC process. The results indicated the area and proportion of natural wetland kept reducing, but the area and proportion of artificial wetland or non-wetland continued rising. The bare land, reed, bush, and cultivated land were the key land use types of the LUCC process. In the past 38 years, beach, bare land, reed and bush had been the output types, and the building land and salt pan had been the input types. The LUCC process has been a transfer process of natural wetland to artificial wetland and non-wetland in the past 38 years, which could be divided into land accretion process (1976 to 1995) and construction process (1995 to 2014). The land ecosystem was unstable for the period from 1990 to 2006.  相似文献   

Canopy transpiration of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus tabulaeformis</Emphasis> plantation forest in the Loess Plateau region of China     

Shumin Fang  Chuanyan Zhao  Shengqi Jian 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(5):376

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南海台风边界层湍流小波分析     

涂朝勇  赵中阔  黎伟标  陈淑敏  陈逸伦  张奡祺 《热带气象学报》2022,38(4):554-568

利用小波变换（WT）对香港天文台飞机观测台风“妮妲”（1604）资料进行分析,研究在不稳定、不均匀的台风边界层中湍流涡旋的垂直传输作用。在0.1～5 Hz惯性子区内横风和顺风分量功率谱密度能较好符合-5/3幂律。小波分析显示：横风的小波功率谱峰值集中在1 km之下,顺风分量的小波功率谱峰值集中在1～6km之间;眼区动量通量的主要贡献尺度为2.3 km,眼区外主要贡献尺度在1～2 km,中低层为较小尺度（<1.0km）;湍流功能(TKE)的生成尺度主要集中在4 km之下。这项研究定量描述了南海北部台风边界层各个区域湍流结构的差异特征,讨论了对台风边界层通量参数化的可能影响。  相似文献   

上地幔超高压流体的金刚石压砧实验研究     

胡书敏  张荣华  张雪彤 《地质学报》2006,80(10):1588-1597

地球深部流体主要是NaCl-H2O溶液,越到地球深部,它赋存的温度、压力越高,性质状态也不断变化,反之,亦然。当NaCl-H2O流体进入和脱离(上升过程)超临界状态时,其性质会发生截然不同的变化,影响着各种地质过程。使用金刚石压砧在高温高压下原位观测流体的实验,用谱学方法,结合同步辐射光源技术,成为定量化研究地球深部高温超高压流体的有效方法。作者使用同步辐射光源的红外谱研究了10GPa下的NaCl-H2O溶液;在地球化学动力学实验室研究了3GPa,650℃下的NaCl-H2O溶液红外谱,此测量方法可以提供温度压力和体积等数据,能研究其状态。NaCl-H2O溶液红外谱表明水分子主要振动谱受压力和温度影响是不同的。压力增加促使水分子主要振动谱向低波数变化。但是温度增加的效应相反。常温高压下水被压缩,结晶向紧密堆积变化。高温高压下的水有气、液、固和超临界流体各相。水分子间的氢键在近临界态开始减弱,氢键网络被破坏。  相似文献   

一株海洋细菌铁吸收调节蛋白(Fur)基因的克隆和表达     

李俊峰  姚淑敏  李红芳  田智刚  郭庆杰 《海洋湖沼通报》2009,(4)

对海洋细菌来说铁是一种必需元素,对铁吸收与利用的调控在细菌生长和防止铁毒性中起重要作用,在革兰氏阴性细菌中,铁的代谢由铁吸收调节蛋白(Fur) 来调控.橙色交替单胞菌是1种具有广泛抑菌谱的有益菌,本研究克隆表达了橙色交替单胞菌的fur基因,并分析了其相关特征.该基因序列中包含447bp的开放阅读框,编码148个氨基酸残基的蛋白,推导的相对分子量为16.637 kD,与GenBank报道的革兰氏阴性菌的相应序列同源性很高,其中氨基酸序列的中段从G47位至D104位,为高度保守区域.在限铁和富铁培养条件下铁载体分泌量的结果分析表明,fur基因可在大肠杆菌中大量表达,为进一步研究Fur蛋白的结构与功能打下基础.  相似文献   

山区遥感图像自动分类研究——以西南地区为例(英文)     

冯朝阳  张淑敏  张宝雷  吕世海  高吉喜 《地球空间信息科学学报》2009,(3)

In mountainous areas, it is the undulant terrain, various types of geomorphic and land use that make the remote sensing images great metamorphism. Moreover, due to the elevation, there are many areas covered with shadow, clouds and snow that make the images more inaccurate. As a result, it would be very difficult to carry out auto-classification of RS images in these areas. The study took Southwest China as the case study area and the TM images, SPOT images as the basic information sources assisted by the a...  相似文献   

Precipitation‐runoff processes in Shimen hillslope micro‐catchment of Taihang Mountain,north China     

Shumin Han  Yonghui Yang  Tong Fan  Dengpan Xiao  Juana Paul Moiwo 《水文研究》2012,26(9):1332-1341

Precipitation runoff is a critical hillslope hydrological process for downslope streamflow and piedmont/floodplain recharge. Shimen hillslope micro‐catchment is strategically located in the central foothill region of Taihang Mountains, where runoff is crucial for water availability in the piedmont corridors and floodplains of north China. This study analyzes precipitation‐runoff processes in the Shimen hillslope micro‐catchment for 2006–2008 using locally designed runoff collection systems. The study shows that slope length is a critical factor, next only to precipitation, in terms of runoff yield. Regression analysis also shows that runoff is related positively to precipitation, and negatively to slope length. Soil mantle in the study area is generally thin and is therefore not as critical a runoff factor as slope length. The study shows a significant difference between overland and subsurface runoff. However, that between the 0–10 and 10–20 cm subsurfaces is insignificant. Runoff hardly occurs under light rains (<10 mm), but is clearly noticeable under moderate‐to‐rainstorm events. In the hillslope catchment, vertical infiltration (accounting for 42–84% of the precipitation) dominates runoff processes in subsurface soils and weathered granite gneiss bedrock. A weak lateral flow (at even the soil/bedrock interface) and the generally small runoff suggest strong infiltration loss via deep percolation. This is critical for groundwater recharge in the downslope piedmont corridors and floodplains. This may enhance water availability, ease water shortage, avert further environmental degradation, and reduce the risk of drought/flood in the event of extreme weather conditions in the catchment and the wider north China Plain. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献