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Spatial and temporal variability of rainfall: case of Bizerte-Ichkeul Basin (Northern Tunisia) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study examines spatial and temporal variability of rainfall in Bizerte-Ichkeul Watershed. The basin, located in the extreme north of Tunisia, covers an area of 3084 km2. Thirteen rainfall stations, with continuous monthly precipitation records over the period (1970–2011), were considered in the analysis. Two methods were used. In the first, the dimensionless standardized precipitation ratio is applied to examine precipitation temporal variation. The second method is represented by continuous wavelet analysis for the precipitation spatial analysis and the identification of the origin of its variability. The study of temporal variability of annual rainfall showed severe persistent and recurrent drought episodes over the period (1977–2001). Wavelet analysis resulted in detecting the modes and origins of precipitation variability. Three energy bands were clearly identified: (1, 2–4, and 4–8 years) for the entire watershed. The visualization of the power distribution showed that the observed modes of variability are different in their power distributions from one station to another. The approach adopted allowed the identification of two groups with the same precipitation frequency and temporal variation. These groups were defined according to the difference in occurrence of the frequency band for each station. 相似文献
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G. Masmoudi R. Trabelsi E. Ellouze R. B. Amar 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2014,11(4):1007-1016
Textile effluents are considered among the most polluted wastewaters all over the world. Among different textile processes, dyeing is the operation that produces the most important amounts of chemical pollution. Many studies have been carried out toward the treatment of these hazardous effluents, and a variety of techniques have been applied for this aim. In this work, the effluents coming from different steps of the dyeing cycle were treated following different mixtures of baths using membrane technology. Nanofiltration (NF) experiments were performed for color removal, but membrane fouling still a major limitation. To enhance NF performances, microfiltration (MF) was carried out as pretreatment to NF. The results showed almost above 99 % of color and turbidity removal and also an important decrease in COD, chloride and salts contents with an improvement in the MF and NF stabilized fluxes of different mixtures compared to that corresponding to the dyeing effluent treated separately. In order to accomplish a full reuse cycle, dyeing experiments were performed using the combined system (MF/NF) permeates. Results were evaluated regarding total color difference between samples and a standard test done with fresh water. 相似文献
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Souhir Ellouze Zeineb Bensalem Mohamed Nadhir Znaidi 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2017,12(2):73-85
This paper addresses the installation effects of stone columns in soft soils. Focus is made on the lateral expansion of stone material using the vibro displacement and substitution techniques by means of numerical simulations. The behaviour of reinforced soil after stone column installation is investigated to show how the properties of soft soils can be improved prior to final loading. The effect of such an improvement on the prediction of reinforced soil settlement is evaluated. The axisymmetric unit cell model (UCM) served for the comparison between numerical predictions made by the Mohr-Coulomb and hardening soil constitutive laws adopted for the soft soil. An equivalent group of end bearing columns model was investigated in the axisymmetric condition to predict the settlement of reinforced soil by adopting the Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model for soft clay. The reduction of settlements predicted by the unit cell and group of columns models, due the improvement of the Young’s modulus of soft clay, were compared. It is concluded that a significant reduction of settlement is expected when the group of columns model is considered. 相似文献
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The treatment of landfill leachate by reverse osmosis (RO) generates huge volumes of heavily polluted concentrate that has to be properly treated before its discharge into the environment. The aim of this work was to assess the solidification/stabilization (S/S) treatment of the leachate concentrate (LC) for chemical/physical immobilization of contaminants and for obtaining durable monolithic matrix suitable for storage, landfilling, or use. In addition, the possible use of brick waste as a partial replacement of natural aggregates used for S/S process was investigated. Concrete mixtures were prepared using local PC, sand, gravel, and tap water/LC. The substitution of coarse aggregate material by brick waste was examined for the replacement ratios 25, 50, and 75%. Hardened concrete specimens were subject to compressive test as well as flexural strength test at 7 and 28 days. Besides, a leaching test was performed, and the collected eluates were analyzed for pH, total dissolved solids, chemical oxygen demand, chlorides, sulfates, phosphorus, and heavy metals. The aggregate replacement with brick waste showed various trends according to the substituted fraction size and ratio. A 28-day compressive strength of more than 25 MPa was obtained even at 50% simultaneous substitution of PC, gravel, and sand. Leaching test analysis confirmed that S/S could be a successful treatment for RO LC decreasing most of the pollutants to comply with landfilling criteria, except for chromium known to be mobile at high pH. Furthermore, the substitution of natural aggregates with brick waste revealed the possibility to cast valuable masonry units. However, a long-term assessment is still needed to ensure the mechanical and chemical stability/durability of concrete. 相似文献
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