Estimation of the sub-iron-iron flux ratio in cosmic rays over alice springs using a balloon flight experiment with a CR-39 detector     

D. P. Bhattacharyya  Basudhara Basu  Pratibha Pal 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1993,199(2):293-297

The sub-iron-iron flux ratio in cosmic rays at an atmospheric depth of 9.8 g cm^–2 has been estimated using a balloon-borne CR-39 (HCB) stack launched from Alice Springs for 32 hours. The recovered and chemically etched plates were analysed optically and the measured etch pit diameters yielded the sub-iron-iron flux ratio at the flight altitude. The sub-iron-iron flux ratio has been corrected for the top of the atmosphere by considering the loss of heavy ions due to nuclear interaction and fragmentation. The present result has been compared with the result expected from the source composition derived by Protheroeet al. as well as other authors.  相似文献   

Electron impact polarization of resonance lines from Lithium-like ions     

Suresh Chandra  A. W. Joshi 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1987,138(2):333-339

The Oppenheimer-Penney theory, as developed by Percival and Seaton (1958), is applied to calculate the polarization of resonance lines from Li-like ions. Two laws for the pitch-angle distribution of electrons around the magnetic field are accounted. The degrees of polarization are averaged over the energy of non-thermal electrons generated during the initial phase of solar flares. It is found that for the full space pitch-angle distribution, as adopted by Chandra and Joshi (1984), the degrees of polarization are nearly independent of the atomic number of ion. Whereas for the forward-come distribution used by Haug (1981), they depend on the choice of the free parameterE ₀. The polarization of the resonance lines from Li-like ions is two times larger than that of the L radiations from H-like ions. Hence, under favourable conditions, it may be detected during solar flares.  相似文献   

Salmon lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kroyer), infestation in sympatric populations of Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), and sea trout, Salmo trutta (L.), in areas near and distant from salmon farms     

Bjorn  Pal Arne; Finstad  Bengt 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2002,59(1):131-139

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Estimation of LAI and above-ground biomass in deciduous forests: Western Ghats of Karnataka, India     

Rangaswamy Madugundu  Vyjayanthi Nizalapur  Chandra Shekhar Jha   《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2008,10(2):211-1

This study demonstrates the potentials of IRS P6 LISS-IV high-resolution multispectral sensor (IGFOV  6 m)-based estimation of biomass in the deciduous forests in the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. Regression equations describing the relationship between IRS P6 LISS-IV data-based vegetation index (NDVI) and field measured leaf area index (ELAI) and estimated above-ground biomass (EAGB) were derived. Remote sensing (RS) data-based leaf area index (PLAI) image is generated using regression equation based on NDVI and ELAI (r² = 0.68, p ≤ 0.05). RS-based above-ground biomass (PAGB) image was generated based on regression equation developed between PLAI and EAGB (r² = 0.63, p ≤ 0.05). The mean value of estimated above-ground biomass and RS-based above-ground biomass in the study area are 280(±72.5) and 297.6(±55.2) Mg ha⁻¹, respectively. The regression models generated in the study between NDVI and LAI; LAI and biomass can also help in generating spatial biomass map using RS data alone. LISS-IV-based estimation of biophysical parameters can also be used for the validation of various coarse resolution satellite products derived from the ground-based measurements alone.  相似文献   

Influence of biotic-abiotic factors on the degradation of novaluron in tropical soil   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

P. Das Ph.D.  R. Pal Ph.D.  A. Chowdhury 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2008,5(3):425-429

In this study, the degradation of novaluron (benzoylphenyl urea insect growth regulator) was investigated under controlled laboratory conditions in clay loam alluvial and coastal saline soils of West Bengal, India. The application rates were field rate (FR); 2FR and 10FR. The incubation study was carried out at 30 °C and 60% of maximum water holding capacity of both the soils. Degradation of novaluron in both the soils followed first order reaction kinetics at all application rates under non-sterile and sterile conditions. The half-lives of novaluron in non-sterilized soils ranged from 17.0–17.8 days (alluvial soil) and 11.4–12.7 days (coastal saline soil), while the values in case of the sterilized soils were 53.7–59.0 days (alluvial soil) and 28.9–29.8 days (coastal saline soil) respectively. The novaluron degradation patterns were found to be highly influenced by soil types, application rates, and biotic abiotic factors. Abiotic factors strongly influenced novaluron degradation in both the soils. Biotic degradation was higher in alluvial soil compared to the coastal saline soil.  相似文献   

Sea breeze activity at an inland station Kharagpur (India) — A case study     

D. Lohar  B. Pal  B. Chakravarty 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1994,67(4):427-434

Surfaces fluxes, turbulent kinetic energy and Flux Richardson number are calculated for three typical sea breeze days characterizing three types of sea breeze onset at an inland station Kharagpur (22°21 N, 87°19 E), 80 km inland, one of the sites for MONTBLEX (MONsoon Trough Boundary Layer EXperiment), in India. The sea breeze onset is associated with a decrease in momentum and heat fluxes and an increase in moisture flux. The turbulent kinetic energy shows quite a significant value even in the late afternoon. The surface layer becomes nearly stable even before sunset, due to the passage of the sea breeze.  相似文献   

On the quiet-time Pc 5 pulsation events (Spacequakes)     

Jagdish Chandra Gupta  E.R. Niblett 《Planetary and Space Science》1979,27(2):131-143

A quiet-time Pc 5 event (designated Spacequake) of March 18, 1974, first noted on the Fort Churchill magnetopram, was studied using global data. Its amplitude was found to be largest in the northern part of the auroral zone and its period seemed to increase with latitude. The clockwise polarization of the event noted at Baker Lake and higher latitudes changed to counterclockwise at Fort Churchill in X-Y, X-Z and Y-Z planes. The resonance of a field line (L ? 10) excited due to an instability of the Kelvin-Helmholtz type may have given rise to the observed event. It is conjectured that the cause of instability at this high altitude was internal convection of the magnetosphere. Similar quiet-time events from four Canadian observatories were selected from approximately 11 years of magnetograms and their statistical analysis revealed that (i) occurrences maximized near dawn and dusk (ii) the amplitude-latitude profile peaked at Great Whale River (L ? 6.67), (iii) periods increased with increasing geomagnetic latitudes, (iv) a large number of events occurred in January, February and March every year, and (v) frequency of occurrence increased with increasing sunspot numbers. Comparison of these results with those available in the literature from analyses of satellite data clearly indicate that quiet-time Pc 5 events (Spacequakes) originate in the outer magnetosphere.  相似文献   

Modeling of Beams on Reinforced Granular Beds     

Priti Maheshwari  P. K. Basudhar  S. Chandra 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(2):313-324

The paper describes a mechanical model for estimating the flexural response of a strip footing, supporting a column (imposing a concentrated load), resting on a compacted granular bed overlying a reinforcement layer for example, geogrids, geomats etc. below which lies a loose soil deposit. The footing is idealized as a beam and the reinforcing element is assumed to have finite bending stiffness and negligible frictional resistance. The upper and lower soil layers are idealized by a series of linear and discrete springs (Winkler springs) of different stiffness values. To find the response of such a model the governing differential equations have been derived and expressed in a nondimensional form. A closed form analytical solution of the same has been obtained subjected to appropriate boundary conditions. Using the present approach the resulting solution for a degenerated case of a long beam is found to be identical to the same of Hetenyi (1946, Beams on elastic foundations, University of Michigan press, Ann Arbor, MI). Parametric studies reveal that the ratio of flexural rigidity of upper and lower beam and the ratio of stiffness of the upper and lower soil layers affect significantly the response of the foundation.  相似文献   

Model Tests and Field Experiments for Fragmentation Assessment During Ringhole Blasting in BG Panels     

C. Sawmliana  P. Pal Roy  V. M. S. R. Murthy 《Fragblast: International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation》2003,7(4):257-268

Experimental blasts were conducted in concrete blocks of known strengths to correlate field results in Blasting Gallery (BG) panels of GDK-10 Incline for improving fragmentation of coal to an optimum level so that blasted coal could easily be lifted totally by remote controlled LHDs and thereby mitigating the possibility of occurrence of spontaneous heating in BG districts before exhaustion of the panel. Various charge loading parameters and consequent breakage results were critically analyzed to arrive at a constructive conclusion, which could satisfactory improve the blast results.  相似文献   

Nature, origin and evolution of the granitoid-hosted early Proterozoic copper-molybdenum mineralization at Malanjkhand, Central India     

S. C. Sarkar  S. Kabiraj  S. Bhattacharya  A. B. Pal 《Mineralium Deposita》1996,31(5):419-431

At Malanjkhand, Central India, lode-type copper (-molybdenum) mineralization occurs within calcalkaline tonalite-granodiorite plutonic rocks of early Proterozoic age. The bulk of the mineralization occurs in sheeted quartz-sulfide veins, and K-silicate alteration assemblages, defined by alkali feldspar (K-feldspar ≫ albite) + dusty hematite in feldspar ± biotite ± muscovite, are prominent within the ore zone and the adjacent host rock. Weak propylitic alteration, defined by albite + biotite + epidote/zoisite, surrounds the K-silicate alteration zone. The mineralized zone is approximately 2 km in strike length, has a maximum thickness of 200 m and dips 65°–75°, along which low-grade mineralization has been traced up to a depth of about 1 km. The ore reserve has been conservatively estimated to be 92 million tonnes with an average Cu-content of 1.30%. Supergene oxidation, accompanied by limited copper enrichment, is observed down to a depth of 100m or more from the surface. Primary ores consist essentially of chalcopyrite and pyrite with minor magnetite and molybdenite. δ³⁴S (‰) values in pyrite and chalcopyrite (−0.38 to +2.90) fall within the range characteristic of granitoid-hosted copper deposits. δ¹⁸O (‰) values for vein quartz (+ 6.99 to +8.80) suggest exclusive involvement of juvenile water. Annealed fabrics are common in the ore. The sequence of events that led to the present state of hypogene mineralization is suggested to be as follows: fracturing of the host rock, emplacement of barren vein quartz, pronounced wall-rock alteration accompanied by disseminated mineralization and the ultimate stage of intense silicification accompanied by copper mineralization. Fragments of vein quartz and altered wall rocks and striae in the ore suggest post-mineralization deformation. The recrystallization fabric, particularly in chalcopyrite and sphalerite, is a product of dynamic recrystallization associated with the post-mineralization shearing. The petrology of the host rocks, hydrothermal alteration assemblages, ore mineral associations, fluid inclusions and the sulfur and oxygen isotopes of ores are comparable to those in Phanerozoic (and reported Precambrian) porphyry-copper systems, and the Malanjkhand deposit has important implications for both metallogenic models for, and mineral exploration in, Precambrian terrains.  相似文献