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Wheat and rice are the most important crops from the point of view of maintaining a sustainable nutrition security system for India, a country whose population may reach one billion by the year 2000. The implications of climate change deriving from tropical deforestation, particularly as concerns temperature and precipitation, with reference to the yield of wheat and rice in different parts of India are hence being studied carefully. Any possible positive gain arising from increased CO2 concentration is likely to be offset by the yield decline induced by higher temperature and shorter growing period.Professor of Eminence, Water Technology Centre, IARI.President, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences of India and Past President of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). 相似文献
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Subramanyan Vasudevan Florence Epron Jothinathan Lakshmi Subbiah Ravichandran Swaminathan Mohan Ganapathy Sozhan 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2010,38(3):225-229
The present study provides an electrocoagulation method, for the removal of NO3– from drinking water using magnesium as the anode and cathode. The experiments are carried out as a function of pH, temperature, and current density. The results show that the maximum removal efficiency of 95.8% was achieved at a current density of 0.25 A/dm2, at a pH of 7.0. The adsorption of NO3– preferably fitting the Langmuir adsorption isotherm suggests monolayer coverage of the adsorbed molecules. The adsorption process follows a second‐order kinetics model. Thermodynamic studies show that the adsorption was exothermic and spontaneous in nature. 相似文献
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Swaminathan Krishnan 《地震工程与结构动力学》2007,36(7):861-885
This paper describes the three‐dimensional nonlinear analysis of six 19‐storey steel moment‐frame buildings, designed per the 1997 Uniform Building Code, under strong ground motion records from near‐source earthquakes with magnitudes in the range of 6.7–7.3. Three of these buildings possess a reentrant corner irregularity, while the remaining three possess a torsional plan irregularity. The records create drift demands of the order of 0.05 and plastic rotation demands of the order of 4–5% of a radian in the buildings with reentrant corners. These values point to performance at or near ‘Collapse Prevention’. Twisting in the torsionally sensitive buildings causes the plastic rotations on the moment frame on one face of the building (4–5% of a radian) to be as high as twice of that on the opposite face (2–3% of a radian). The asymmetric yield pattern implies a lower redundancy in the lateral force‐resisting system as the failure of the heavily loaded frame could result in a total loss of resistance to torsion. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Arthur Raj Binupriya Muthuswamy Sathishkumar Dhamodaran Kavitha Krishnaswamy Swaminathan Sei‐Eok Yun Sung‐Phil Mun 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2007,35(2):143-150
Batch biosorption experiments were carried out for the removal of Congo red from aqueous solution using native and pretreated mycelial pellets/biomass of Trametes versicolor. The effect of process parameters such as contact time, dye concentration, and pH on the extent of Congo red biosorption has been investigated. Higher dye concentrations resulted in lower biosorption. Increases in biomass dosage led to increases in the levels of biosorption. Biosorption kinetics and equilibrium data are essential basic requirements to develop an effective and accurate design model for the removal of the dye. A kinetic study showed that the biosorption of the dye on fungal biomass was a gradual process. Pseudo‐first‐order, pseudo‐second‐order, and Bangham's model were used to fit the experimental data. The results of the kinetic studies showed that the second‐order kinetic model fitted well for the present experimental data. Equilibrium isotherms were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubnin‐Radushkevich, and Temkin isotherms. The biosorption equilibrium data obeyed the Langmuir and Temkin isotherms well. Acidic pH was favorable for the biosorption of the dye. Studies on the pH effect and desorption show that chemisorption seems to play a major role in the biosorption process. Among the native and pretreated biomass studied, autoclaved biomass showed a better biosorption capacity. 相似文献
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Masoud Kasrai Michael E. Fleet Swaminathan Muthupari D. Li G. M. Bancroft 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1998,25(4):268-272
The B K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra of two borates with tetrahedrally-coordinated B [[4]B; natural danburite (CaB2Si2O8) and synthetic boron phosphate (BPO4)] have been recorded in total electron yield (TEY) and fluorescence yield (FY) modes to investigate the surface and bulk
structure of these materials. The TEY XANES measurement shows that danburite is susceptible to surface damage involving conversion
of [4]B sites to [3]B sites by reaction with moisture and/or mechanical abrasion (grinding, polishing, etc.). The bulk of the mineral is essentially
unaffected. Commercial boron phosphate powder exhibits more extensive surface and bulk damage, which increases with air exposure
but is recovered on heating at 650°C. In contrast to ELNES, the XANES technique is not affected by beam damage and when collected
in the FY mode is capable of yielding meaningful information on the coordination and intermediate-range structure of B in
borate and borosilicate materials.
Received: 7 April 1997 / Accepted: 30 July 1997 相似文献
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