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Velocities inside avalanches have been calculated for many years by calculatingthe cross-correlation between opto-electronic sensors using a method pioneered by inlinecite Nishimura et al. and Dent et al. Their approachhas been widely adopted but there has been little discussion of the optimal designof such instruments and the best analysis techniques. This paper discusses some ofthe different sources of error that arise and how these can be mitigated. A statisticalframework that describes such instruments is developed and used to quantify the errors. 相似文献
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Eskandari Damaneh Hadi Khosravi Hassan Habashi Khalil Eskandari Damaneh Hamed Tiefenbacher John P. 《Natural Hazards》2022,110(3):2185-2205
Natural Hazards - Analysis of long-term land use and land cover (LULC) changes requires up-to-date remotely sensed data to assess their effects on erosion. This is a particularly important... 相似文献
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More than 200 people have died in automobiles that have encountered flooded roadways in Texas from 1950 to 2004. This study examines the geographical processes that create flood hazards associated with automobile travel to discern the most important factors in their genesis. A database of drowning cases caused by motorists' interactions with flooded roadways in Texas was compiled for the study period. We examine the circumstances and spatial patterns of these events by addressing the following questions: where have motorists drowned? How did rates and spatial patterns of accidents change over the study period? To the extent that we can determine, what were the characteristics of the roads, the drivers, and the landscapes when and where deaths occurred? What factors appear to explain the temporal and spatial distributions of hazard? We conclude that roadway familiarity might have emboldened drivers to attempt to surmount water rushing across a road, that time of day was clearly an important characteristic of the accidents, and that roadway characteristics and sex and age of the drivers seem not to be key contributing factors. The most important factors, however, are associated with growth: increases in population and increased automobile registrations drive the propensity for increased automobile-flood hazards. 相似文献
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Natural Hazards - In this study, Dempster–Shafer theory (DST) is integrated into a geographic information system to model vulnerability of the land surface to earthquake events in... 相似文献
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Yariyan Peyman Omidvar Ebrahim Minaei Foad Ali Abbaspour Rahim Tiefenbacher John P. 《Natural Hazards》2022,111(1):79-114
Natural Hazards - Mapping avalanche-prone areas to mitigate damages is important and vital for safety and development planning. New hybrid models are introduced for snow avalanche susceptibility... 相似文献
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Kristin Martha Hákonardóttir Andrew J. Hogg Tómas Jóhannesson Martin Kern Felix Tiefenbacher 《Surveys in Geophysics》2003,24(5-6):543-554
We report a series of ongoing large-scale experiments to studythe interaction of a snow avalanche with a dam and a row of mounds which are of a comparable height to the flow depth.The experimental results indicate that the behaviour of thesupercritical flow around the obstacles is governed by the large-scale properties of the flowing avalanche rather than micro-scaleproperties of the granular current.The experiments show that, similarly to smaller-scale experimentswith glass particles, the avalanche detaches from the top of the dam or mound and forms a coherentairborne jet, which can be modelled as a two dimensional ballistic projectile with negligible air resistance.We study the two parameters that define the trajectory of thejet, namely the speed at which the jet is launched from the top of the obstacle and the deflection of the jet by the obstacle, and compare the resultswith a theory for the deflection of a jet of an ideal fluid. 相似文献
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Kömle Norbert I. Tiefenbacher Patrick Pitcher Craig Richter Lutz Tattusch Tim Paul Robert 《Acta Geotechnica》2019,14(2):429-442
Acta Geotechnica - Two laboratory test series were performed with the aim of ensuring the proper functionality of the key sampling mechanisms installed aboard the Mars rover ExoMars, currently... 相似文献
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