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In order to study the effect of pollutants on intrabasin processes, a series of nature experiments has been made in natural
model ecosystems (mesocosms). The intensity of photosynthetic production and organic matter destruction have been studied
as generalized thermodynamical parameters of the state of the ecosystem. On the basis of the ratio between destruction and
overall production, dynamical phase patterns have been built. Analysis has shown that the dynamics of the state of the ecosystem
described by these parameters corresponds to general regularities of the evolution of the state of dissipative systems. Consequently,
the destruction-to-production ratio can be considered as a thermodynamic criterion for assessment in the evolution of the
state of water ecosystems. On the basis of this criterion, and with the help of the approach proposed, methods of ecological
load normalization can be elaborated. 相似文献
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L. V. Tverskaya S. V. Balashov N. N. Veden’kin V. V. Ivanov D. S. Karpenko S. G. Kochura I. A. Maksimov S. I. Open’ko N. N. Pavlov S. Ya. Reizman I. A. Rubinshtein N. N. Sitnokova M. V. Tel’tsov D. A. Trofimchuk V. I. Tulupov 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2012,52(6):740-745
The data on fluxes of electrons with energy Ee > 1 MeV and on radiation doses under the Al shielding of about 2 g/cm2 measured on the GLONASS satellite (circular orbit with altitude 20000 km and inclination 65°) for the period from December 2006 through May 2010 are analyzed. The minimum of the 23rd solar cycle turned out to be the longest for all over the space exploration age. Consequently, average semiannual electron fluxes and daily radiation doses are showing the decrease by more than an order of magnitude in comparison with the levels observed in 2007. We present an example of a diffusion wave of relativistic electrons; the wave develops in a period between magnetic storms. This process may result in a significant increase of the radiation dose measured in the orbit, even under the conditions of weak geomagnetic disturbances. The dynamics of variations in relativistic electron fluxes during the magnetic storm of April 5?C6, 2010, is discussed so far as this is the first strong flux enhancement in the 24th solar cycle. 相似文献
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M. M. Trofimchuk 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2018,43(7):483-487
A new method to assess the state of aquatic ecosystems by the ecosystem entropy variation using data on dissolved oxygen concentration and water temperature is discussed. The method is based on the thermodynamic state parameter which allows the uniform evaluation of the state of aquatic ecosystems regardless of their typological and regional features. The proposed method can be implemented in the automated way and in real time. 相似文献
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A series of field experiments were carried out in natural model ecosystems (mesocosms) with the aim to study the effect of
pollutants on processes proceeding within water body. The generalized thermodynamic state parameters used in the study were
the rate of photosynthetic production and destruction of organic matter. The ratio of destruction to primary production and
the rate of changes in this ratio were used to construct phase portraits of ecosystems. Analysis showed that the dynamics
of ecosystem states described by those characteristics corresponds to the general regularities in the evolution of the state
of dissipative structures, hence the rate of changes in the destruction-to-production ratio can be taken as a thermodynamic
criterion of evolution of aquatic ecosystems. The proposed approach allows this criterion to be used to develop methods for
standardization of ecological loads. 相似文献
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L. V. Tverskaya S. V. Balashov N. N. Vedenkin V. V. Ivanov T. A. Ivanova D. S. Karpenko S. G. Kochura I. A. Maksimov N. N. Pavlov I. A. Rubinstein M. V. Tel’tsov D. A. Trofimchuk V. I. Tulupov V. V. Khartov 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2008,48(6):719-726
Increases in solar protons and variations in the electron and proton fluxes from the outer radiation belt are studied based on the GLONASS satellite measurements (the circular orbit at an altitude of ～20000 km with an inclination of ～65°) performed in December 2006. Indications in the channels, registered protons with energies of Ep = 3–70 MeV and electrons with energies of Ee > 0.04 and >0.8 MeV, are analyzed. The data on electrons with Ee = 0.8–1.2 MeV, measured on the Express-A3 geostationary satellite, are also presented. Before the strong magnetic storm of December 14 (|Dst|max = 146 nT), the maximum of the outer belt electrons with the energy >0.7 MeV was observed at L ～ 4.5. After the storm, the fluxes of these electrons increased by more than an order of magnitude as compared to the prestorm level, and the maximum of a “new” belt shifted to L < 4 (minimal L reached by the GLONASS orbit). Under quiet geomagnetic conditions, solar protons with the energies >3 MeV fill only high-latitude legs of the GLONASS orbit. During the strong magnetic storm of December 15, the boundary of proton penetration into the magnetosphere almost merged with the orbital maximum of the proton radiation belt. 相似文献
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