Results of TV imaging of Phobos (Experiment VSK-Fregat)     

Avanesov G  Zhukov B  Ziman YA  Kostenko V  Kuzmin A  Murav'ev V  Fedotov V  Bonev B  Mishev D  Petkov D  Krumov A  Simeonov S  Boycheva V  Uzunov YU  Weide GG  Halmann D  Pössel W  Head J  Murchie S  Schkuratov YuG  Berghänel R  Danz M  Mangoldt T  Pihan U  Smith B 《Planetary and Space Science》1991,39(1-2):281-295

From February to March 1989 the Phobos 2 spacecraft took 37 TV images of Phobos at a distance of 190-1100 km. These images complement Mariner-9 and Viking data by providing higher-resolution coverage of a large region West of the crater Stickney (40-160 degrees W) and by providing disk-resolved measurements of surface brightness at a greater range of wavelengths and additional phase angles. These images have supported updated mapping and characterization of large craters and grooves, and have provided additional observations of craters' and grooves' bright rims. Variations in surface visible/near-infrared color ratio of almost a factor of 2 have been recognized; these variations appear to be associated with the ejecta of specific large impact craters. Updated determinations of satellite mass and volume allow calculation of a more accurate value of bulk density, 1.90 +/- 0.1 g cm-3. This is significantly lower than the density of meteoritic analogs to Phobos' surface, suggesting a porous interior perhaps containing interstitial ice.  相似文献   

Typological analysis of demographic changes in the Tuscan communes     

Bottai M  Costa M  Formentini U 《Rivista geografica italiana》1978,85(4):321-347

  相似文献   

Petrogenesis and geotectonic setting of the PanAfrican basement rocks in Bamenda Massif, Obudu Plateau, southeastern Nigeria： Evidence from trace element geochemistry     

UKAEGBU V. U. EKWUEME B. N. 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(2):122-131

1 IntroductionThe study area is part of the Obudu Plateau,which forms part of the Precambrian Pan-African tec-tonothermal belt, lying between the West African Cra-ton and the Gabon-Congo Craton ( Fig. 1). It isbounded by the Benue Trough, in the NE-SW axi…  相似文献   

The Uplift of the Longmenshan Thrust Belt and Subsidence of the West Sichuan Foreland Basin   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Liu Shugen  Luo Zhili  Dai Sulan  Changlu Institute of Technology  Chengdu  Sichuan  ChinaDennis Arne Dalhousie U niversity  Canadaand C.J.L. Wilson Melbourne U niversity  Australia Jiang M inxi 《《地质学报》英文版》1996,70(1):16-26

Based on fission track dating of apatite, and measurement of vitrinite reflectance of rock samples from the Longmenshan (Longmen Mountain)area and the West Sichuan foreland basin and computer modelling it is concluded that (l)the Songpan-Garze fold belt has uplifted at least by 3-4 km with an uplift rate of no less than 0.3-0.4 mm/a since 10 Ma B.P.; (2) the Longmenshan thrust nappe belt has uplifted at least by 5-6 km with an uplift rate of more than 0.5- 0.6 mm /a since 10 Ma B.P.; (3) the Longmenshan detachment belt has uplifted by 1 - 2 km at a rate of 0.016-0.032 mm/a since 60 Ma B.P.; (4) the West Sichuan foreland basin has uplifted by 1.7-3 km at a rate of 0.028-0.05 mm/a since 60 Ma B.P.; (5) the uplift rate of the area on the west side of the Beichuan-Yingxiu-Xiaoguanzi fault for the last 10 Ma is 40 times as much as that on its east side; (6) the uplifting of the the Songpan - Garze fold belt and the subsidence of the West Sichuan foreland basin 60 Ma ago exhibit a mirro-image correlation, i.e  相似文献   

The Best Natural Boundary:a New Concept Developed by Combining the Sequence Boundary with the GSSP     

Mei Shilong China U niversity of Geosciences  Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》1996,70(1):98-107

Through a detailed study of sequence boundaries, it is concluded that sequence stratigraphy is an independent regional and transitional stratigraphic system between local lithostratigraphy and global chronostratigraphy. Therefore, a new tripartite stratigraphic classification scheme has been proposed. By combining organically the concept of sequence boundaries with the GSSP, it is suggested that the GSSP should be chosen in a conformale portion of a related sequence boundary, and the boundary established in light of this concept is defined as the Best Natural Boundary (BNB). The definition of the BNB points out the working area and stratigraphic level for the GSSP. By referring to a case study of the Permian Guadalupian/Lopingian boundary, the concept of the BNB has been elaborated in detail, and it is proposed that the BNB of the Guadalupian and the Lopingian lies between the Mesogondolella granti Zone and the Ctarkina postbitteri Zone, which is also the sequence chronostratigraphic boundary between th  相似文献   

变质地体中脉金矿床的研究现状和进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

程小久 《地质科技情报》1996,15(2):71-77

最近研究表明，西澳大利亚、加拿大、津巴布韦、印度等地变质地体中脉金矿床形成于葡萄石－绿纤石相到低麻粒岩相变质环境。这组矿床的地质地球化学特征、成矿机理、成矿时代和产出的地球动力学背景相近，虽然 它们形成深度和环境不同，但连续有序地产于地壳由浅到深的不同深度上，根据矿床形成的温度、压力和深度条件，可将脉金矿床划分为浅成矿床、中成矿床和深成矿床。我国变质地体中的一些脉金矿床 成矿特征与国外矿床类似，而另一些矿床则存在重大差异。90年代以来提出的脉金矿床成矿模式包括：地壳连续成矿模式、多阶段多成因模式和改造成矿模式等。巨大的脉金成矿省出现在地史上三个时期，即晚太古代（约27-2.6Ga）、晚古生代（450－340Ma）和中－新生代，这与超大陆的增生和拉拼接作用发生的时期相应。巨大的金矿集中区位于外部造山;立小矿床的形成在时间和空间上也与超大陆旋回内部造山带的碰撞构造作用有关。脉金矿床与煌斑岩不民因联系，但橄榄玄粗 岩浆作用反映了外来地体斜向碰撞一隆升和减压的地球动力学状态，而金矿床即形成于这一特殊背景。应力制图技术（STM^TM）是预测成矿靶区的有效方法。  相似文献   

新报告制定地球科学未来进程计划     

S．Adlen E．E．Brodsky T．Oki A．J．Ridley L．Sanchez C．Simionato K．Yoshizawa U．Shamir王文旭  郭德科胡凤英 廖武林 《世界地震译丛》2004,(6):3-5

上个世纪，地球科学的发展已具有很强的了解和预测地球系统事件的能力。过去的10年，定量地球科学研究蓬勃发展。随着观测系统和计算工具的进步，人们能以前所未有的时空分辨率来模拟和预测地球物理过程，地球科学也将继续加速发展。随着这些进步，需要反思地球科学研究的现状，重新评估地球科学研究发展的方向和明确能实现的现实目标。  相似文献   

我们需要一门新地图学吗?     

U.FREITAG  罗丁 《地图》1988,(4)

“新地图学”是近年来国际地图学者们议论的一个热点。本文提出了另一种观点,代表了另一部分学者意见。本文作者现任西德地图学协会主席,在1987年墨西哥ICA国际学术讨论会上,由作者本人宣读了该文。  相似文献   

德国Laacher See火山响岩中微量元素丰度和其矿物/溶体的分配系数     

G. Wrner  J. M. Beusen  N. Duchateau  R. Gijbels  H. U. Schmincke  周永昶 《世界地质》1988,(4)

采自西德Eifel东Laachef Sce晚第四系具不同成份分带的火山碎屑岩层的二十六个全岩、七个基质和五十三个单矿物样品用中子活化仪器进行了分析。这些资料表明喷发前Laacher See岩浆房内的化学变化与其它资料导出的一致。岩浆房顶部是高度分异的晌岩,底部是富含铁镁质的响岩。一些不相容元素如Zn、Zr、Nb、Hf、U、LREE和HREE在顶部相当富集,而相容元素如Sr、Sc、Co、Eu强烈地亏损。中等可溶元素Ta和一些MREE在中间层位被耗损。全岩和基质资料表明,响岩溶体在化学成分上的分带性与斑晶含量无关。混染岩(响岩—碧玄岩)中相容元素的丰度最大。所有元素(除Rb外)对于浮岩地层层位来说,都出现连续的成份变化。依据这些资料我们能划分出三个主要的单元:早期喷出的高度分异岩浆,发生演化的响主体和作为最终产物的铁镁质响岩。九个矿物相的微量元素分配系数(K)的巨大变化就地层层位而论不能用常规的机制进行解释。我们假定响向岩熔体中微量元素含量的明显变化由结晶作用控制着分异作用,而分异同时和(或)之后的液—液两相分异作用所控制。这又引起了斑晶和主岩基质之间不平衡。所以分配系数不同于平衡分配系数,相当于后期结晶作用总和。不同于基质成份。这样,就能利用△K—△M图(K的变化相对于M的变化关系图)讨论变化的分配系数K和基质M之间的关系。这个图的不同部分与不同参数有关(T、P、聚合作用,杂岩建造,分带岩浆柱中的平衡结晶作用晚期结晶作用和非平衡效应),这些参数能大体说明分配系数变化的原因。△K—△M图能够区别由分异岩浆系统产生的天然火山岩中影响分配系数的不同作用。  相似文献   

Growth Dynamics of the Middle Devonian Jukoupu Bioherm,Xinshao, Hunan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gong EnpuDepartment of Geology  Northeast U niversity  Shenyang  Liaonmg 《《地质学报》英文版》1994,68(1):95-107

The growth process, palaeoecological features and the function of organisms in reef-building of the Jukoupu bioherm in Hunan are discussed in detail. The bioherm is divided into 10 microfacies. Organisms are very abundant in the reef. Thirty-two genera Belonging to 7 phyla have been recognized. They make up 5 communities composed mainly of stromatopoids, Corals and algae, each of which has its own salient ecological features. An analysis of all communities shows that the organic functions are very complex. The same organisms may possess diverse functions simultaneously as the reef growth enters the late stage. The growth process of the reef may involve five stages' (l)biostrome stage, (2) stabilization stage, (3) frame-type reef-building stage, (4) binding and covering-type reef-building stage, and (5) baffle- type reef -building stage.  相似文献