Simultaneous exposure of English sole (Parophrys vetulus) to sediment-associated xenobiotics: Part 1—uptake and disposition of ¹⁴C-polychlorinated biphenyls and ³H-benzo[a]pyrene     

John E. Stein  Tom Hom  Usha Varanasi 《Marine environmental research》1984,13(2):97-119

English sole (Parophrys vetulus) were exposed to environmentally realistic levels of sediment-associated ³H-benzo[a]pyrene (3 μg BaP/g sediment, dry weight) and ¹⁴C-Aroclor 1254 (1 μg PCBs/g), separately and together, for up to 10 days. BaP and its metabolites in tissues reached steady-state concentrations by the first day of the exposure, whereas PCBs did not approach steady-state concentrations until the tenth day of exposure. Simultaneous exposure of sole to BaP and PCBs, relative to separate exposure to the xenobiotics, significantly increased the concentrations of BaP-derived radioactivity and decreased the concentrations of PCB-derived radioactivity in some tissues and bile. Accumulation of PCB-derived radioactivity, estimated as the burden in tissues, was significantly greater (4- to 13-fold) than that of BaP-derived radioactivity throughout the experiments and regardless of the type of exposure. The rank of the concentrations of PCB-derived radioactivity in tissues and bile was: bile ～ liver > brain > kidney ～ gill > skin ～ blood ～ muscle and for BaP-derived radioactivity the order was: bile > liver > gill > kidney > skin ～ blood > muscle > brain. BaP-derived radioactivity in liver and bile was present primary (85–99%) as metabolites, whereas PCB-derived radioactivity was present equally as parent compounds and metabolites in bile and primarily (98 %) as parent compounds in liver. Hydrolysis of bile from PCB/BaP-exposed sole with β-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase released 35 % of the BaP-derived radioactivity and 32 % of the PCB-derived radioactivity as primary metabolites. A much higher proportion of the BaP-derived radioactivity (64 %) than the PCB-derived radioactivity (13 %) in bile was unaffected by the enzyme treatment, indicating differences in the conjugation of the primary metabolites of PCBs and BaP. The results suggest that in contaminated environments the tissue to sediment concentration ratios for PCBs would exceed that for BaP and its metabolites; however, BaP would be continually absorbed and metabolized by sole to potentially carcinogenic and mutagenic compounds. In addition, the tissue levels of these toxic compounds may be increased by simultaneous exposure to PCBs.  相似文献   

The metabolism and disposition of 17β-estradiol in english sole exposed to a contaminated sediment extract     

John E. Stein  Tom Hom  Herb Sanborn  Usha Varanasi 《Marine environmental research》1988,24(1-4)

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Effect of perturbed potentials on the non-linear stability of libration pointL 4 in the restricted problem     

K. B. Bhatnagar  Usha Gupta  Rashmi Bhardwaj 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1994,59(4):345-374

The non-linear stability of the libration pointL ₄ in the restricted problem has been studied when there are perturbations in the potentials between the bodies. It is seen that the pointL ₄ is stable for all mass ratios in the range of linear stability except for three mass ratios depending upon the perturbing functions. The theory is applied to the following four cases:

(i)	There are no perturbations in the potentials (classical problem).
(ii)	Only the bigger primary is an oblate spheroid whose axis of symmetry is perpendicular to the plane of relative motion (circular) of the primaries.
(iii)	Both the primaries are oblate spheroids whose axes of symmetry are perpendicular to the plane of relative motion (circular) of the primaries.
(iv)	The primaries are spherical in shape and the bigger is a source of radiation.

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On leaking modes     

Usha Gupta 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1970,80(1):27-37

Summary The aim of the present paper is to investigate whether the so called leaking modes in the propagation of seismic waves exist or not. Physically, the idea of leaking modes whose amplitudes increase as the distance from the free surface increases does not seem to be sound. We give a detailed mathematical reasoning in support of this view. To this end, we reconsider the simple problem ofLapwood [3]²⁾. After deforming the path of integration to the second sheet and evaluating each term which appears we see that terms which are seemingly responsible for leaking modes, cancel out. Thus mathematically also it appears that there are no leaking modes.  相似文献   

Effects of chemical contaminants on subcellular changes in digestive cells of the marine bivalve, Mytilus edulis, from Puget Sound, Washington     

E. Casillas  P. K. Krishnakumar  R. G. Snider  U. Varanasi 《Marine environmental research》1996,42(1-4)

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Geochemistry of core sediments from Mullipallam creek,South East coast of India     

M. Sundararajan  Usha Natesan 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,61(5):947-961

The Mullipallam creek in Muthupet mangroves region is the only E-W trending coastal strip in the SE coast of India and is very important, as the mangrove acts as a barrier to natural diasters. Natural, anthropogenic signals and accumulation of elements were made by collecting sediment samples at various depths in a core. All sediments were analyzed for carbonates (CaCO₃), organic carbon (OC), major (Si, Al, Fe, Na, K, Ca, Mg, P), and trace (Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Co, Pb, Zn). Normalization with Al values has been done for all the major and trace elements and enrichment factors have been calculated. The calculated enrichment factors and comparison indicate that the trace metals (especially Pb) are enriched mainly due to the external (anthropogenic) activities in the land as well as in the coastal zone (Palk Strait).  相似文献   

Heavy metals in nearshore sediments of Kalpakkam,southeast coast of India   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

K. Deepthi  Usha Natesan  A. L. Muthulakshmi  Vincent A. Ferrer  V. P. Venugopalan  S. V. Narasimhan 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(3):717-729

Kalpakkam, a tiny fishing hamlet dotting the east coast, halfway between Chennai and Pondicherry has become prominent due to the Madras Atomic Power Station. The present study aims at assessing the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, and Fe) from 12 stations along the inner shelf of Bay of Bengal, India, during pre-monsoon (PRM), monsoon, and post-monsoon (POM) seasons. The order of occurrence of the metals in sediments of Kalpakkam is Cr > Zn > Ni > Cu > Pb > Cd (excluding Fe since unit is in %) and exhibits a unique seasonal pattern with the highest values (average) during POM except for Cd which shows highest (average) concentration during PRM. In order to determine the sample association according to their geochemical composition and their granulometric characteristics, a correlation matrix was generated and sediment pollution indices viz., sediment enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index were computed. The results confirm anthropogenic input of Cd to nearshore sediments of Kalpakkam. Sources of Cd can be attributed to dredging activities at Edaiyur, direct dumping and sewage sludge from anthropogenic activities, which reach the study area through the Buckingham Canal opening at the backwaters—Sadras and Edaiyur, and extreme use of antifouling paints by fishing trawlers.  相似文献   

Mangrove sediments a sink for heavy metals? An assessment of Muthupet mangroves of Tamil Nadu,southeast coast of India   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Usha Natesan  M. Madan Kumar  K. Deepthi 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(4):1255-1270

Mangrove forests are one of the most productive and biodiverse wetlands on earth. Yet, these unique coastal tropical forests are among the most threatened habitats in the world. Muthupet mangroves situated in the southeastern coast of India, has a reverse “L” shaped structure. Four cores were collected in 2008, sliced and subsampled at 2.5 cm length. The heavy metals (Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cr, Cd) and other associated geochemical parameters were evaluated to determine pollution history of Muthupet. An evaluation of the status of heavy metal pollution through the index analysis approach was attempted by computing geoaccumulation index, anthropogenic factor, enrichment factor, contamination factor and degree of contamination, pollution load index and metal pollution index. To compensate for the natural variability of heavy metals in the core sediments, normalization using Al was carried out so that, any anthropogenic metal contributions may be detected and quantified. Results of the study reveal that significant metal contamination exists, and all the metals are found to be higher than continental crustal values. The fine sediments of Muthupet vary between uncontaminated and moderately contaminated with almost no enrichment (EF < 1) to severe enrichment (EF > 10). On comparison, the core collected close to aquafarms and dense mangrove forest (C3) is the most polluted core and the core retrieved where minor rivers drain (C2) is the least polluted.  相似文献   

Implementation of RISAT-1 Hybrid Polarimetric Decomposition Techniques and Analysis Using Corner Reflector Data     

P. V. Jayasri  K. Niharika  Manoj Joseph  H. S. V. Usha Sundari Ryali  C. V. Ramana Sarma  E. V. S. Sita Kumari  A. V. V. Prasad 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2018,46(6):1005-1012

With recent advances in polarimetry, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) with Hybrid–polarity architecture, a demonstration of compact polarimetry enabled larger swath coverage, reduced PRF and SAR system complexity as compared to fully polarimetric systems. The first Hybrid Polarimetric Space-borne SAR in Earth Observation orbit, India’s Radar Imaging Satellite (RISAT-1) is a new-fangled gateway to remote sensing user community for land and oceanic applications. In response to a right-circular polarized transmitted signal, based on the derived stokes vectors, Stokes parameters are estimated to produce several useful quantitative measures for generating polarimetric decomposed image. m-delta, m-chi and m-alpha polarimetric decomposition methods along with suitable weighting functions in terms of three principal components are implemented which maps Stokes parameters to RGB image space for representing odd bounce, even bounce and volume scattering targets. Various RISAT-1 Hybrid Fine Resolution Stripmap Single-Look Complex SAR datasets acquired over deployed corner reflectors at calibration site, Shadnagar have been considered over which different hybrid polarimetric decomposition techniques are implemented using in-house developed software. Further analysis produced encouraging results with standard point targets like dihedral and trihedral corner reflectors against distributed targets in the same scene to demonstrate the scattering mechanisms as per their characteristics when interacted with a polarized signal were presented in this paper.  相似文献   

Vulnerability and adaptation to climate variability and water stress in Uttarakhand State, India   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ulka Kelkar  Kapil Kumar Narula  Ved Prakash Sharma  Usha Chandna   《Global Environmental Change》2008,18(4):564

This paper presents a participatory approach to investigate vulnerability and adaptive capacity to climate variability and water stress in the Lakhwar watershed in Uttarakhand State, India. Highly water stressed microwatersheds were identified by modelling surface runoff, soil moisture development, lateral runoff, and groundwater recharge. The modelling results were shared with communities in two villages, and timeline exercises were carried out to allow them to trace past developments that have impacted their lives and livelihoods, and stimulate discussion about future changes and possible adaptation interventions.  相似文献