Mussels document loss of bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the return to baseline conditions for oiled shorelines in Prince William Sound, Alaska     

Page DS  Boehm PD  Brown JS  Neff JM  Burns WA  Bence AE 《Marine environmental research》2005,60(4):422-436

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were measured in mussels (Mytilus trossulus) collected between 1990 and 2002 from 11 sites on the shores of Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska, that were heavily oiled by the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS). This study, utilizing the methods of the NOAA Status and Trends Mussel Watch Program, found that concentrations of PAH released from spill remnants have decreased dramatically with time and by 2002 were at or near the range of total PAH (TPAH) of 3-355 ng/g dry weight obtained for mussels from unoiled reference sites in PWS. Time-series TPAH data indicate a mean TPAH half-life in mussel tissues of 2.4 years with a range from 1.4 to 5.3, yielding an annual mean loss of bioaccumulated TPAH of 25%. The petroleum-derived TPAH fraction in mussel tissues has decreased with time, reflecting the decreasing release of EVOS residues in shoreline sediments. These results show that PAH from EVOS residues that remain buried in shoreline sediments after the early 1990s are in a form and at locations that have a low accessibility to mussels living in the intertidal zone.  相似文献   

WATER MASS FORMATION IN THE SOUTH INDIAN OCEAN BY AIR-SEA FLUXES     

Ming Feng 《热带海洋学报》2004,23(6):16-21

1Introduction　TheIndianCentralWater (ICW) ,formedandsubductedintheSubtropicalConvergenceintheSouthIndianOcean ,occupiesasignificantportionofthethermoclineintheIndianOcean[1,2 ]　 (Fig .1 ) .TheSubantarcticModeWater(SAMW)isformedinthe 2 6.5-2 7.1σθrangenorthoftheSub antarcticFront—thesouthernboundaryofthesubtropicalgyres[3]　 .InthesoutheastIndianO cean ,theSAMWisthethickest,ventilatedasathicklayerofhighoxygenextendingtothetropicalIndianOcean[4 ,5 ]　 .　Watermasstransformation…  相似文献   

Crust-Mantle Electrical Structure in the Area along the Yadong-Burn Co Profile     

WEI Wenbo  CHEN Leshou  TAN Handong  DENG Ming 《Continental Dynamics》1997,(1)

1.IntroductionUntilnowTibetisstillthearchetypalregionwithcontinentalcollisiongoingoninit,henceitisanidealnaturallaboratoryforstudyingthegeologicevolutionofintracontinentalorogenicbeltandthecrust-mantledeepprocesses,aswellastheinteractionbetweenthemandthesupracrustalmovements.Forthisreason,forseveraldecadesgeologistsandgeophysicistsfromvariouscountrieshavemadeunremittingeffortsinthisregiontoprobeintotheoriginandprocessoftheplateauformation,withavarietyofcognitionsproposed.TheCMPresultsoftheSi…  相似文献   

琼东南盆地含烃热流体活动的流体包裹体证据   总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26  

陈红汉  张启明  施继锡 《中国科学D辑》1997,(4)

成岩作用研究和包裹体观测表明,琼东南盆地发育7种类型包裹体.根据这些包裹体的荧光特征、气液比和捕获温度,以及盐度和有机/无机组分等特征认为,琼东南盆地存在3期热流体活动,其中第2、第3期活动热流体与油气运聚有关,其温度分别介于140～150℃和170～190℃之间;天然气以水相运移的机制以及与热流体活动的密切关系控制了盆地天然气的成藏作用.  相似文献   

单个油包裹体和微区沥青显微红外光谱分峰拟合技术及应用          下载免费PDF全文

王倩茹  陈红汉  胡守志  赵玉涛  陈慧钦 《地球科学》2016,41(11):1921-1934

针对单个油包裹体和储层沥青等结构复杂样品傅里叶变换显微红外光谱吸收峰严重重叠的问题,基于高斯、洛伦茨函数或其组合(高斯-洛伦茨)模型理论,采用显微红外分峰拟合技术,对塔中北坡顺托果勒地区单个油包裹体成熟度和储层沥青成因进行了系统分析,并取得了4点认识:(1) 通过与Pironon对合成油包裹体的峰位坐标区域化划分吸收峰对比,认为分峰拟合技术更为真实地反映各子峰的面积,而且能够识别重叠区“隐蔽”的吸收峰,有助于准确判别有机质的结构组成;(2) 高斯、洛伦茨函数或其组合(高斯-洛伦茨)模型拟合子峰时,高斯-洛伦茨函数分布拟合的吸收峰与实测光谱吻合度较高,噪音目标越低拟合效果越好,但计算耗时越长,故优选噪音目标在1~10高斯-洛伦茨函数分布拟合各子峰;(3) 结合流体包裹体系统分析和均一温度-埋藏史投影法,单个油包裹体显微红外参数(CH_2a/CH_3a、X_inc、X_std等)揭示塔中北坡顺托果勒地区存在3期油充注,分别为加里东晚期、晚海西期和喜山期;(4) 显微红外光谱定量化分析是研究储层沥青多成因化和多期次油气充注叠加作用的有效手段,分析结果说明塔中北坡顺托果勒地区储层沥青经历了生物降解、氧化降解和水洗淋滤作用.   相似文献   

SHORT COMMUNICATION COMMENTS ON THE RESIDUAL BILINEARIZATION METHOD     

YONGDONG WANG  ODD S.BORGEN  BRUCE R.KOWALSKI Laboratory for Chemometrics  Center for Process Analytical Chemistry  Department of Chemistry  BG-  University of Washington  Seattle  WA  U.S.A. Present address:Perkin-Elmer Corporation  Main Avenue  Norwalk  CT -  U.S.A. 《地理学报(英文版)》1993,(5)

Through theoretical analysis and computer simulation,this short communication comments on theresidual bilinearization(RBL)method and compares it with non-bilinear rank annihilation(NBRA)forthe treatment of second-order calibration with non-bilinear data.It is found that these two methods aremathematically equivalent but have different noise propagation properties.The second-order advantage,namely quantitation in the presence of unknown interferences,can be carried over to non-bilinear dataonly if there exists a net analyte rank(NAR)for the analyte of interest.  相似文献   

云和降水物理学研究—回顾美国理论和观测研究（1987—1990）     

Coop.  WA 徐宝祥 《大气情报》1991,(26):60-75

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莺－琼盆地YA13－1气田热流体活动与有机／无机成岩响应   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

孙永传  陈红汉  李蕙生  陆永潮  张启明  张国华  朱河清 《地球科学》1995,(3)

根据钻井中途测试（ＤＳＴ）、重复地层测试（ＲＦＴ）、镜质体反射率（Ｒ０）、流体包裹体分析和粘土矿物Ｘ射线衍射全定量分析等综合研究发现，莺－琼盆地ＹＡ１３－１气田存在４期热流体活动；南侧的崖南地区和西侧的莺歌海盆地是其两个重要的热流体物质源和动力源；多期热流体活动在ＹＡ１３－１地区不仅造成热异常和物质迁移，而且还引起了不同的有机／无机成岩响应，如骨架颗粒的多期溶蚀作用、至少两期的次生加大作用、粘土矿物转化和有机质热成熟作用异常。第二、第三期热流体因出溶作用形成ＹＡ１３－１气田大规模的天然气聚集。  相似文献   

Clostridium perfringens as a potential indicator for the presence of sewage solids in marine sediments     

Skanavis C  Yanko WA 《Marine pollution bulletin》2001,42(1):31-35

Marine sediment cores collected from several depths of water and distances from a California sewage outfall were tested to see if sediments influenced by sewage solids were a reservoir of enteric pathogens, and if concentrations of indicator bacteria were related to the presence of sewage solids. Vertical distributions of microorganisms in marine sediments were determined; there was a decrease of indicator bacteria with increasing sediment depth. Aeromonas was randomly isolated, but none of the enteric bacterial pathogens or viruses were detected. While classic indicator bacteria were of little value in predicting the presence of pathogens, or relative amounts of sewage solids, Clostridium perfringens may be a suitable indicator. Clostridium perfringens concentrations were not related to the presence of pathogens in sediments.  相似文献   

中小油田CO2混相驱提高原油采收率经济评价     

Flan.  WA 魏俊平 《国外石油地质》1995,(4):56-72

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