This study establishes theoretical models of supply and demand for carbon trading and proposes conditions for optimal trading prices and periods. Taiwan’s carbon market is used to verify the validity of the models. Simulations and empirical analysis position firms that emit greenhouse gases as the market buyers, and landowners that convert agricultural lands into plantation forests as the market sellers. The study compares four trading scenarios to determine optimal trading prices and time periods. There were four key conclusions. First, the higher the buyer’s cost to reduce carbon emissions, the higher the demand price is in the carbon trading market. The longer the trading period, the higher the carbon offsets, and the higher the demand price is for emissions trading. Second, the higher the emission trading price, the longer the optimal forest rotation period is for landowners. If emission costs do not exist at the time of logging, landowners are encouraged to log early, reducing the length of rotation periods. Furthermore, as the extension period in the trading scenarios increases, landowners’ costs increase, raising the market equilibrium price. Third, when landowners participate in forest carbon trading mechanisms or carbon subsidy policies, they may not always lengthen forest rotation periods. Therefore, if and when the government implements these mechanisms or policies, it should consider the factors affecting the length of forest rotation period. Finally, to respond to international interest in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the government should design separate carbon programs and trading mechanisms for different types of private landowners. This would strengthen incentives for participating in the afforestation program.
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排序方式： 共有11条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
黄东海大气边界层高度时空变化特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据2006-2007年大连、青岛和台州逐日高分辨率L波段二次测风雷达探空资料、地面观测资料以及再分析资料,采用干绝热法和位温梯度法分别计算了各个台站的边界层高度,继而分析了黄东海边界层高度多时间尺度变化规律和空间演变特征.结果表明:(1)用清晨探空资料计算每日边界层高度,干绝热法比位温梯度法更为合理可靠;(2)沿海台站边界层高度有显著季节变化,夏季最低,秋季最高,这有别于陆地边界层普遍存在的夏季高、秋冬季节低的季节变化;(3)通过小波分析,发现边界层高度有显著的2～4 d天气尺度振荡和10～20 d准双周振荡;(4)黄东海上空海洋大气边界层在时间尺度上同样存在着明显的春夏季节低、秋冬季节高的季节变化特征,大部分海区空间上呈现西北低、东南高的分布形态. 相似文献
2.
Chen Kun-Ting Chen Tien-Chien Chen Xiao-Qing Chen Hua-Yong Zhao Wan-Yu 《Landslides》2021,18(6):2111-2124
Landslides - Landslides frequently occur on mountain slopes due to earthquakes and rainfall. When a landslide occurs near a river, the landslide mass moves at a certain speed towards the river... 相似文献
3.
黄东海大气边界层高度季节变化特征及其成因 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用CFSR再分析资料,采用EOF的分析方法统计分析了黄东海边界层高度的季节变化特征,探讨了2个模态的分布型以及与之相联系的下垫面热通量和垂直环流,统计了ICOADS资料中近30a逐月低云发生频率和海雾发生频率,揭示了其与边界层高度分布特征的一致性。结果表明:盛行风的平流作用与下垫面特征相结合造成的低空稳定性的变化是黄东海边界层高度时间上夏季低、冬季高,空间上呈现东高西低、南高北低的重要因素。EOF分析中第一模态表现为整个黄东海区域具有一致性,主要是大尺度环流的影响;第二模态为春秋相反的2个分布型,与海洋锋、冷舌以及暖水团的季节变化有着密切关系。黄东海大气边界层高度的最大值出现时间以及其大小在空间上较为一致,而最小值以黄东海海洋锋为界,向北逐渐减小,以南差异性不大,出现时间上有较大的差异。,这主要由黄东海冷舌、暖水团以及海洋锋的季节变化所引起对边界层经向分布影响较大所引起的。春夏季节,南部(西部)低云发生频率高于北部(东部),海雾发生频率低于北部(东部);海雾高频区对应较低边界层高度,而低云高频区对应相对较高边界层高度。 相似文献
4.
塔里木河下游断流河道整治引发的生态问题与重建对策分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
长期断流导致塔里木河下游主河道发育受阻,自然生态系统萎缩。河道治理措施保障了主河道输水的顺畅和水文生态的完整性,实现了上下游补偿性生态大转移(生态回归),但却抑制了河道自然发生规律,改变了原生种繁殖更新环境,河道两侧自然生态过程受阻,可持续维持的生命带变窄,人类需借助外力才能实现生态修复。塔里木河下游断流区生态恢复重建需要尊重客观历史,依托区域原有植被自然发生规律,应选择以柽柳灌丛为主要恢复种类,辅助人工引水渠系设施建设、断根萌蘖、人工补植等辅助手段,逐步实现对退化生态系统修复。 相似文献
5.
6.
This study establishes theoretical models of supply and demand for carbon trading and proposes conditions for optimal trading prices and periods. Taiwan’s carbon market is used to verify the validity of the models. Simulations and empirical analysis position firms that emit greenhouse gases as the market buyers, and landowners that convert agricultural lands into plantation forests as the market sellers. The study compares four trading scenarios to determine optimal trading prices and time periods. There were four key conclusions. First, the higher the buyer’s cost to reduce carbon emissions, the higher the demand price is in the carbon trading market. The longer the trading period, the higher the carbon offsets, and the higher the demand price is for emissions trading. Second, the higher the emission trading price, the longer the optimal forest rotation period is for landowners. If emission costs do not exist at the time of logging, landowners are encouraged to log early, reducing the length of rotation periods. Furthermore, as the extension period in the trading scenarios increases, landowners’ costs increase, raising the market equilibrium price. Third, when landowners participate in forest carbon trading mechanisms or carbon subsidy policies, they may not always lengthen forest rotation periods. Therefore, if and when the government implements these mechanisms or policies, it should consider the factors affecting the length of forest rotation period. Finally, to respond to international interest in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the government should design separate carbon programs and trading mechanisms for different types of private landowners. This would strengthen incentives for participating in the afforestation program. 相似文献
7.
作为一种基于节点的计算方法,无网格法具有构造高阶导数方便,自适应分析便利的优点,特别适合复杂地质构造的数值模拟.本文针对实际地球物理勘探中存在的起伏地形和各向异性的地电结构,提出用无网格法来模拟大地电磁响应,采用复合二次径向基函数构造了形函数,推导了大地电磁无网格法等价线性方程组,研究了系数矩阵的压缩存储方法以及大型稀疏复线性方程组快速求解算法,实现了起伏地形下各向异性的2D大地电磁高精度数值模拟.基于层状模型验证了算法的正确性,计算结果表明:无论是TM模式还是TE模式,计算相对误差均小于1%;通过对地垒和地堑模型的模拟,得出了起伏地形对视电阻率和相位的影响规律;对起伏地形下含有不同各向异性系数异常体的模型进行了数值模拟,为开展复杂地质结构的电磁场特征研究以及地形校正奠定了理论基础.随着计算科学的快速发展,无网格法必将成为新的高精度电磁场数值模拟方法. 相似文献
8.
Typhoon Aere swept over Taiwan with heavy rain, which induced huge discharge in the Danshuei River in August 2004. The flood
in the Danshuei River intruded Sanchung through a culvert that was under construction. The deluge inundated thousands of premises
and resulted in severe damage. This study reconstructs the event scenario using hydrologic and hydraulic methods to analyse
the causes of the disaster. We integrated the radar rainfall estimations and rain gauge observations to recreate the temporal
and spatial varied precipitation inputs; estimated the influent volume from the culvert using hydrologic equations; and simulated
the flood dynamic within the study area during the event with a coupled overland and sewer flow model. The evidence showed
that both the rainfall and the culvert flow contributed similar flood volume to the study area, but culvert discharge concentrated
at single location within short time period such that the local drainage system could not cope with and notable damage was
incurred. 相似文献
9.
Albert S. Chen Ming-Hsi Hsu Wei-Hsien Teng Chen-Jia Huang Sen-Hae Yeh Wan-Yu Lien 《Natural Hazards》2006,37(1-2):107-132
The structural measure was the major solution for flood defense in Taiwan. However, the measure is always limited to the design
standard and cannot prevent the damages when floods exceed certain scale. Therefore, non-structural measures for flood mitigation
are the indispensable complements to structural solutions. The study introduces the establishment of inundation potential
database that provides required information for the non-structural measures in Taiwan. The database was built by numerical
simulations, based on different rainfall scenarios, and has been applied by the local governments of Taiwan for land use managements,
flood warning systems, emergency responses, and flood insurance programs to reduce the flood damages and impacts. 相似文献
10.
我国东部沿海一次局地海雾抬升成云过程分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用洪家站L波段雷达探空资料、高分辨率海气耦合模式再分析资料、静止气象卫星云图和地面观测资料,分析了一次黄东海海雾抬升为低云,使海雾消散的过程。发现近海面偏南风速突然增强,海洋大气边界层(MABL)中机械剪切加强,湍流混合层向上发展,是导致海雾抬升转化为低云的主要原因。近海面风速突然增加与高空急流北抬、平均层槽脊振幅加大、槽前正涡度平流输入诱使地面低压系统发展、地面气压梯度力增大有关。近海面气温升高对海雾消散也有作用,气温升高的原因是暖平流、绝热下沉和海气界面热通量的综合效应。其中,东海海洋锋(STF)冷区的下沉气流可能对边界层内的绝热下沉增温和低云的形成高度有重要的影响。该研究为海雾消散预报提供了新的思路。 相似文献
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