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Natural Hazards - Meteorological disasters (MDs), including drought, flood, hail, low temperature and frost (LTF), are causing severe damage to human life and economic development in China. Mapping... 相似文献
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2005年10月-12月,对长江口北部和江苏南部海域进行了较为全面的沉积物化学调查,调查海域范围较广、布点密度较高,为全面深入地研究该海域的底质分布状况积累了重要的资料.分析研究了其中的表层沉积物中重金属Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr含量的分布特征;讨论了重金属与有机质的相关性,并以有机质含量作为环境因素的校正因子,判别了异常值;Cu,Zn,Pb的含量相互之间也呈明显正相关,除了由于三者有相似的地球化学性质之外,可能表明它们在本调查海域有相似的污染源.以平均富集因子对重金属的富集状况进行了评价,结果表明Cu为中度污染,Zn,Pb,Cr均为轻度污染,重金属的富集程度Cu>Zn>Cr>Pb. 相似文献
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漳州市0604号强热带风暴强降水天气学诊断分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
从高低空环流场分析了强热带风暴"碧利斯"的移动路径及其登陆后造成的漳州市强降水成因,结果表明:在福建登陆后西行南折的强热带风暴,是造成漳州7月14甘20时-16日20时强降水的直接原因;高层冷平流、低层暖平流为暴雨产生提供了稳定度条件;中高层正涡度平流的辐散抽吸作用,为暴雨产生提供了动力条件;来自副高西侧的偏南气流、南侧的东南气流和来自孟加拉湾的西南气流,为漳州的强降水提供了水汽条件.此外,台湾地形对台风的削弱作用不明显,也是"碧利斯"造成漳州市强降水的原因之一. 相似文献
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在隧道开挖、矿山开采等基础工程建设中,岩石爆破技术发挥着重要作用。等离子体碎岩技术具有无污染,破碎过程中无飞石、无有害气体的产生,使用方便,作业效率高,是替代炸药碎岩的最有效可行的方法。本文研究了水中丝爆产生等离子体破碎岩石的机理,分析了高电压脉冲放电过程中的铜丝融化过程,建立了铜丝在各阶段变化的电阻模型,利用MATLAB对不同阶段放电电路的电流进行了数值仿真分析,并与实验得到的电流波形进行对比。研究发现,电流波形,上升沿时间越短,脉冲放电效果越好。铜丝变化产生等离子体的过程中,等离子体通道具有一定的电阻性。实验数据结果与模型数值计算结果基本相符。 相似文献
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垂直接地极在中小型地网中的降阻效果分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对地网垂直接地极的敷设方式、数量等进行简要的理论分析和初步计算,并结合地网的降阻问题进行论述,得出通过改变短垂直接地极的参数来降低地网接地电阻值的效果是不明显的,对以后中小型地网接地电阻值的设计以及该项目的审核提供参考依据. 相似文献
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Gully morphological characteristics in the loess hilly‐gully region based on 3D laser scanning technique 
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下载免费PDF全文 Gully morphology characteristics can be used effectively to describe the status of gully development. The Chabagou watershed, located in the hilly‐gully region of the Loess Plateau in China, was selected to investigate gully morphological characteristics using a 3D laser scanning technique (LIDAR). Thirty‐one representative gullies located at different watershed locations and gully orders were chosen to quantitatively describe gully morphology and establish empirical equations for estimating gully volume based on gully length and gully surface area. Images and point cloud data for the 31 gullies were collected, and digital elevation models (DEMs) with 10‐cm resolution were generated. ArcGIS 10.1 was then used to extract fundamental gully morphological parameters covering gully length (L), gully width (WT) and gully depth (D), and some derivative morphological parameters, including gully head curvature (C), gully width–depth ratio (w/d), gully bottom‐to‐top width ratio (WB/WT), gully surface area (Ag) and gully volume (Vg). The results indicated that gullies in the upper watershed and the second order were more developed based on their high values of gully head curvature. The potential for gully development increased from the second order to the fourth order. Within the same gully orders, gullies in the lower watershed were more active with more development potential. A method for differentiating between gully head and gully sidewalls based on the gully head curvature value was proposed with a mean relative error of 8.77%. U‐shaped cross‐sections were widely distributed in the upper watershed and upper positions of a gully, while V‐shaped cross‐sections were widely distributed in the lower watershed and lower positions of a gully. V–L and V–Ag empirical equations with acceptable accuracy were established and can be used to estimate gully erosion in the Loess hilly‐gully region. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Zhen Wang Benzhong Xian Jingyan Liu Majid Khan Caiwei Fan Hui Li Junhui Wang Ximeng Zhang Jianping Liu Peng Chen Qianran Wu Wenmiao Zhang 《Basin Research》2023,35(2):592-619
Submarine channels act as the main conduits for the transport of sediment to deep-water basins by sediment gravity flows. The interplay between fault-related deformation and the initiation and development of the channels is poorly known. Here, we present the identification, formation and evolution of the Miocene slope-parallel channel by employing 3D seismic reflection, wireline-log and core data in the eastern slope of Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea. Based on the lengths and plan-view shapes, a total of three different types of fault-associated slope-parallel depressions have been identified. The depressions were formed in the fault zone and controlled by the reactivation of the underlying older faults. Among them, Type-1 depressions are short (<20 km) oval or circle shaped possessing only one depocenter. Type-2 depressions are elongated (25–70 km), and usually have multiple depocenters. Type-3 depressions, which are usually connected by slope-perpendicular channels in the head and middle, are longer (more than 190 km) and connect shallow and deep-water basins. The analysis of morphology, erosivity and material transport shows that Type-3 depressions are fully fledged channels. Type-1 and Type-2 depressions are channel precursors representing the initial stage of channel evolution. With this motive, a model for the initiation and evolution of slope-parallel submarine channels controlled by strike-slip-extensional faults is presented. Unlike the previous investigations which suggest that erosion takes place at the inception of submarine channel formation, the fault-controlled slope-parallel channel is mainly controlled by faulting and has no initial erosive base and does not develop levees. The depressions are extended and elongated by the continuous fault activity. It was not until the slope-parallel depression connected with large-scale slope-perpendicular channels transporting materials into the depression via erosive turbidity currents that it evolved into a channel-levee system. This study is of global importance for understanding submarine channel generation and evolution since the fault-controlled slope-parallel channels have been found in tectonic active basins worldwide. 相似文献
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本文基于南极半岛鲍威尔海盆南部D3-7沉积岩芯粒度分析数据,采用粒度累积概率曲线、散点图和CM图来研究古沉积环境,其中CM图效果最好。结果表明,构成D3-7岩芯的各种碎屑在搬运到研究区至沉积到海底前过程中呈静水悬浮状态;首次按照古沉积水动力环境条件,将南极半岛鲍威尔海盆南部沉积演化分成四个阶段,从单一静水沉积方式→多种沉积方式→单一静水沉积方式→多种沉积方式,并发现演化具有循环性特征。剖面中的粗组分搬运过程中需要较大的启动能量,推断物源和搬运与冰筏作用、火山活动有关。 相似文献
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以福建漳州古雷国家级石化基地所在区域2004—2012年闪电定位系统的监测数据、漳浦县气象观测站1961—2012年历史雷暴日观测数据为基础,采用数理统计等分析方法,对古雷石化基地所在区域的雷电活动特征进行分析,并根据特征提出具体的防护对策。分析得出以下结论:1)年闪电次数均值约为79.78次,年雷电活动日平均值约为46.41天,每年雷电活动的频繁程度各不相同,存在一定程度的波动,而闪电定位监测到的闪电次数最大值达到了144次/年,最少仅有45次/年。2)雷电活动分布较为不均匀,主要集中在半岛中间及东北、西北角,其余区域活动相对较弱。就雷电活动的时间特征看,每年的12个月份都存在雷电活动,主要集中在6—9月的夏季,而在春、冬季节雷电的活动相对较弱,雷电活动在一天中主要集中在12—20时。3)从对历史雷电流的拟合统计分析来看,雷电流幅值大小主要集中在11.1 k A左右,根据拟合出来雷电流分布函数,计算得项目区域雷电流小于15.8 k A的累积概率为76.7%,小于10.1 k A的累积概率为37.0%,小于5.4 k A的累积概率为0.70%。 相似文献