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Actual pumping tests may involve continuously decreasing rates over a certain period of time, and the hydraulic conductivity (K) and specific storage (Ss) of the tested confined aquifer cannot be interpreted from the classical constant‐rate test model. In this study, we revisit the aquifer drawdown characteristics of a pumping test with an exponentially decreasing rate using the dimensionless analytical solution for such a variable‐rate model. The drawdown may decrease with time for a short period of time at intermediate pumping times for such pumping tests. A larger ratio of initial to final pumping rate and a smaller radial distance of the observation well will enhance the decreasing feature. A larger decay constant results in an earlier decrease, but it weakens the extent of such a decrease. Based on the proposed dimensionless transformation, we have proposed two graphical methods for estimating K and Ss of the tested aquifer. The first is a new type curve method that does not employ the well function as commonly done in standard type curve analysis. Another is a new analytic method that takes advantage of the decreasing features of aquifer drawdown during the intermediate pumping stage. We have demonstrated the applicability and robustness of the two new graphical methods for aquifer characterization through a synthetic pumping test. 相似文献
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Zhang Yabing Liu Xinrui Guo Pengshuang Jia Peng Yang Tianhong Ren Fengyu 《Landslides》2021,18(7):2465-2481
Landslides - In this paper, the slope rock mass is numerically characterized by considering hydraulic and mechanical properties using two distinct element models. The flow rate and permeability are... 相似文献
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常州市是长江三角洲地区典型的工业化城市,多年来的快速发展对地下水环境产生了系列影响,地下水化学组分受到天然条件和人为活动的双重因素控制,现状地下水化学成因和影响因素亟需深入研究。本文在地下水赋存条件分析的基础上,综合采用统计分析、离子比值、主成分分析法对常州各层地下水化学特征和成因开展分析。结果表明,区域潜水水化学类型以HCO3-—Ca2+·Mg2+、HCO3-—Ca2+和HCO3-·Cl-—Na+·Ca2+型为主,第Ⅰ承压水以HCO3-—Na+·Ca2+和HCO3-—Ca2+型为主、第Ⅱ承压水以HCO3-—Na+ 相似文献
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常州市是长江三角洲地区典型的工业化城市,多年来的快速发展对地下水环境产生了系列影响,地下水化学组分受到天然条件和人为活动的双重因素控制,现状地下水化学成因和影响因素亟需深入研究。本文在地下水赋存条件分析的基础上,综合采用统计分析、离子比值、主成分分析法对常州各层地下水化学特征和成因开展分析。结果表明,区域潜水水化学类型以HCO3-—Ca2+·Mg2+、HCO3-—Ca2+和HCO3-·Cl-—Na+·Ca2+型为主,第Ⅰ承压水以HCO3-—Na+·Ca2+和HCO3-—Ca2+型为主、第Ⅱ承压水以HCO3-—Na+·Ca2+型为主。从浅层至深层,地下水的碱性逐渐增强,ρ(TDS)均值降低,水化学类型由多元向单一转变。地下水化学组分主要受矿物溶解、阳离子交替吸附和人类活动共同影响。其中,潜水和第Ⅰ承压水化学成因主要受控于碳酸盐、硅酸盐、蒸发岩盐和硫酸盐矿物溶解作用,且二者受人类活动影响特征较显著。第Ⅱ、Ⅲ承压水受碳酸盐、硅酸盐矿物溶解和阳离子交替吸附作用明显,人类活动对深层地下水影响甚微。 相似文献
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JIA Qiuhuan SUN Qing XIE Manman SHAN Yabing LING Yuan ZHU Qingzeng TIAN Mingzhong 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(2):738-748
We present n-alkane distributions in the soil samples along a transect from Lhasa on the Tibetan Plateau to Bharatpur in Nepal, which covers a large geographical area and a wide range of climatic conditions. These data allow us to assess the significance of n-alkane distributions in different vegetation types and their relationships to temperature and precipitation. In the tropical rainforest and broadleaved forest zones, n-alkanes exhibit a bimodal distribution pattern with dominant homologues around n-C_(31) and n-C_(23). The bimodal distribution of tropical rainforest n-alkanes may be a general pattern because of the presence of many lianas, epiphytic plants, algae and the strong microbial activity and degradation involved in the postdepositional process. In the warm-temperate mixed forest and needle-leaved forest zones, the long-chain alkanes have a pattern of n-C_(31) n-C_(33) n-C_(27). In the alpine shrub and grassland zone, although the most abundant homologue is n-C_(31) , relatively high n-C_(23) concentrations have also been observed in some samples. The statistical results show a good correlation between n-alkane proxies and climatic factors. The average chain length(ACL) values are positively correlated with precipitation and temperature across the transect. The carbon preference index(CPI) values show a negative correlation with temperature and precipitation along a Lhasa–Bharatpur transect. Although there is a positive relationship between ACL and temperature, it is difficult to separate the two climatic variables(temperature and precipitation) because they are well coupled in the monsoon region. 相似文献