The newly discovered Baogudi gold district is located in the southwestern Guizhou Province, China, where there are numerous Carlin-type gold deposits. To better understand the geological and geochemical characteristics of the Baogudi gold district, we carried out petrographic observations, elemental analyses, and fluid inclusion and isotopic composition studies. We also compared the results with those of typical Carlin-type gold deposits in southwestern Guizhou. Three mineralization stages, namely, the sedimentation diagenesis, hydrothermal (main-ore and late-ore substages), and supergene stages, were identified based on field and petrographic observations. The main-ore and late-ore stages correspond to Au and Sb mineralization, respectively, which are similar to typical Carlin-type mineralization. The mass transfer associated with alteration and mineralization shows that a significant amount of Au, As, Sb, Hg, Tl, Mo, and S were added to mineralized rocks during the main-ore stage. Remarkably, arsenic, Sb, and S were added to the mineralized rocks during the late-ore stage. Element migration indicates that the sulfidation process was responsible for ore formation. Four types of fluid inclusions were identified in ore-related quartz and fluorite. The main-ore stage fluids are characterized by an H2O–NaCl–CO2–CH4 ± N2 system, with medium to low temperatures (180–260 °C) and low salinity (0–9.08% NaCl equivalent). The late-ore stage fluids featured H2O–NaCl ± CO2 ± CH4, with low temperature (120–200 °C) and low salinity (0–7.48% NaCl equivalent). The temperature, salinity, and CO2 and CH4 concentrations of ore-forming fluids decreased from the main-ore stage to the late-ore stage. The calculated δ13C, δD, and δ18O values of the ore-forming fluids range from − 14.3 to − 7.0‰, −76 to −55.7‰, and 4.5–15.0‰, respectively. Late-ore-stage stibnite had δ34S values ranging from − 0.6 to 1.9‰. These stable isotopic compositions indicate that the ore-forming fluids originated mainly from deep magmatic hydrothermal fluids, with minor contributions from strata. Collectively, the Baogudi metallogenic district has geological and geochemical characteristics that are typical of Carlin-type gold deposits in southwest Guizhou. It is likely that the Baogudi gold district, together with other Carlin-type gold deposits in southwestern Guizhou, was formed in response to a single widespread metallogenic event.
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1.
Lunar landforms are the results of geological and geomorphic processes on the lunar surface. It is very important to identify the types of lunar landforms. Geomorphology is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of morphological landforms on planetary surfaces. Elevation and relief amplitude are the most commonly used geomorphic indices in geomorphological classification studies. Previous studies have determined the elevation classification criteria of the lunar surface. In this paper, we focus on the classification criteria of the topographic relief amplitude of the lunar surface. To estimate the optimal window for calculating the relief amplitude of the lunar surface, we use the mean change-point method based on LOLA (Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data and SLDEM2015 DEM data combining observations from LOLA and SELenological and Engineering Explorer Terrain Camera (SELENE TC). The classification criterion of the lunar surface relief amplitude is then determined according to the statistical analysis of basic lunar landforms. Taking the topographic relief amplitudes of 100 m, 200 m, 300 m, 700 m, 1500 m and 2500 m as thresholds, the lunar surface is divided into seven geomorphic types, including minor microrelief plains (< 100 m), minor microrelief platforms [100 m, 200 m), microrelief landforms [200 m, 300 m), small relief landforms [300 m, 700 m), medium relief landforms [700 m, 1500 m), large relief landforms [1500 m, 2500 m) and extremely large relief landforms (≥ 2500 m). The minor microrelief plains are mainly distributed in the maria and the basalt filled floors of craters and basins, while the minor microrelief platforms are mainly in the transition regions between the maria and highlands. The microrelief landforms are mainly located in regions with relatively high topography, such as wrinkle ridges and sinuous rilles in the mare. The small relief landforms are mainly scattered in the central peak and floor fractures of craters. The medium relief landforms are mainly distributed in the transition regions between crater floors and crater walls, between crater walls and crater rims, between basin floors and basin walls, and between basin walls and basin rims. Large and extremely large relief landforms are mainly found along crater walls and basin walls. The classification criteria determination for assessing lunar surface relief amplitude described in this paper can provide important references for the construction of digital lunar surface geomorphology classification schemes. 相似文献
2.
迁移型层序是陆相湖盆中一种特殊的层序构型,但是其特征以及主控因素尚不清楚.通过对珠江口盆地惠州凹陷文昌组层序地层学研究,发现下文昌组三级层序PSQ1~PSQ4主要发育在凹陷南部,上文昌组三级层序PSQ5~PSQ7主要发育在凹陷北部;三级层序PSQ1~PSQ7逐渐由南东向北西发生跨洼陷迁移.这种迁移型层序是由幕式构造活动差异性造成的,在裂陷IA幕,惠州凹陷南部控凹断裂活动强度大,发育以下文昌组为主的T型层序构型;在裂陷IB幕,北部断裂活动加强,南部的断裂活动减弱,造成沉积、沉降中心迁移到惠州凹陷北部,发育以上文昌组为主的H型层序构型.迁移型层序及其控制下的砂体和烃源岩在侧向迁移、叠加过程中,更利于生、储、盖等油气成藏要素的有效配置,形成多区块、多层段油气藏组合. 相似文献
3.
Li Songtao Xia Yong Liu Jianzhong Xie Zhuojun Tan Qinping Zhao Yimeng Meng Minghua Tan Lijin Nie Rong Wang Zepeng Zhou Guanghong Guo Haiyan 《中国地球化学学报》2019,38(4):587-609
4.
1932年12月25日,甘肃玉门市昌马镇附近发生MS7.6地震(震中：39.70°N,96.70°E),此次地震是继1920年海原MS8.5地震、1927年古浪MS8.0地震之后青藏高原东北缘祁连山—河西走廊地震带内的又一强震。这组大地震活动无论在时间序列上还是在空间序列上都极其罕见,引起了众多国内外学者的广泛关注,普遍认为是一次陆内地震活动沿相关断裂带由东向西迁移的典型样例。基于PSGRN/PSCMP程序,以前人地表地质调查相关结果为约束,利用弹性位错理论获取昌马地震断层破裂模型,以此为基础,基于黏弹性半空间分层模型模拟计算昌马地震产生的地表同震三维形变场。通过研究单次地震与地震叠加的库仑应力变化对后续地震的触发关系,分别对海原地震、古浪地震以及它们的叠加对昌马地震的触发作用进行研究。结果表明：海原地震、古浪地震以及它们的叠加均未超过可能触发地震的经验阈值,故认为昌马地震可能不受海原地震和古浪地震所造成的库仑应力变化的影响。此研究可为利用实际形变解释昌马地震的孕震过程研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
5.
阳关断裂位于青藏高原北部阿尔金断裂系向北扩展的前缘位置,对其几何学和运动学的深入研究,有助于理解青藏高原向大陆内部扩展的机制。文章通过卫星影像解译、探槽开挖、差分GPS及无人机测量等对阳关断裂开展了详细研究。结果显示：阳关断裂东段发育多条正反向断层陡坎,断层陡坎高度在0.4～8 m之间,平均约2.2 m,探槽揭示断裂倾角约60°,形成高角度逆断层,局部发育正断层;西段断裂向北西前缘扩展,形成一组弧形分布的断层陡坎,陡坎高度多在0.9～2.4 m,平均约1.9 m。同时自南向北,逆冲断层陡坎形态由多级陡坎转为单一陡坎。对探槽剖面分析,显示断裂断错晚更新世冲洪积砾石层,发育的断层倾角较缓,以低角度逆冲为主要特征,约26°,有的甚至沿地层向前推覆。结合前人的研究成果,阳关断裂可能为本区阿尔金向北扩展的北边界,与三危山断裂共同协调吸收了阿尔金断裂东段的部分应变量。 相似文献
6.
Landslides - Intelligently predicting the frequency and volume of natural hazards, including boulder falls, attracts widespread attention in earth science and engineering communities. Taking Hong... 相似文献
7.
基于火山岩溢流相的高连续强振幅和火山通道相的低连续弱振幅2种截然相反的地震反射特征, 建立振幅-方差体地震属性分级-拾取-融合技术刻画火山岩时空展布的方法, 有效刻画火山岩的三维时空展布以及火山喷发期次.通过渤海湾盆地黄河口凹陷BZ34-9区带火山岩三维刻画和火山喷发期次研究, 取得以下认识: (1)研究区沙一二段火山岩零星分布, 主要发育在BZ34-9区带中部, 多为中心式喷发; 东营组火山岩广泛发育, 连片分布, 主要发育在BZ34-9区带南部缓坡带, 为中心式、裂隙-中心复合式喷发; (2)沙一二段东部火山先于西部火山喷发, 南部火山先于北部火山喷发; (3)东营组南部火山先于北部火山喷发, 且南部火山喷发期次多于北部, 北部火山多为短暂性喷发; (4)东营组火山较沙一二段活动强烈、喷发次数多、范围广. 相似文献
8.
Yue Tianxiang Zhao Na Liu Yu Wang Yifu Zhang Bin Du Zhengping Fan Zemeng Shi Wenjiao Chen Chuanfa Zhao Mingwei Song Dunjiang Wang Shihai Song Yinjun Yan Changqing Li Qiquan Sun Xiaofang Zhang Lili Tian Yongzhong Wang Wei Wang Ying’an Ma Shengnan Huang Hongsheng Lu Yimin Wang Qing Wang Chenliang Wang Yuzhu Lu Ming Zhou Wei Liu Yi Yin Xiaozhe Wang Zong Bao Zhengyi Zhao Miaomiao Zhao Yapeng Jiao Yimeng Naseer Ufra Fan Bin Li Saibo Yang Yang Wilson John P. 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(8):1092-1112
We propose a fundamental theorem for eco-environmental surface modelling(FTEEM) in order to apply it into the fields of ecology and environmental science more easily after the fundamental theorem for Earth's surface system modeling(FTESM). The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) region is taken as a case area to conduct empirical studies of algorithms for spatial upscaling, spatial downscaling, spatial interpolation, data fusion and model-data assimilation, which are based on high accuracy surface modelling(HASM), corresponding with corollaries of FTEEM. The case studies demonstrate how eco-environmental surface modelling is substantially improved when both extrinsic and intrinsic information are used along with an appropriate method of HASM. Compared with classic algorithms, the HASM-based algorithm for spatial upscaling reduced the root-meansquare error of the BTH elevation surface by 9 m. The HASM-based algorithm for spatial downscaling reduced the relative error of future scenarios of annual mean temperature by 16%. The HASM-based algorithm for spatial interpolation reduced the relative error of change trend of annual mean precipitation by 0.2%. The HASM-based algorithm for data fusion reduced the relative error of change trend of annual mean temperature by 70%. The HASM-based algorithm for model-data assimilation reduced the relative error of carbon stocks by 40%. We propose five theoretical challenges and three application problems of HASM that need to be addressed to improve FTEEM. 相似文献
9.
Songtao Li Yong Xia Jianzhong Liu Zhuojun Xie Qinping Tan Yimeng Zhao Minghua Meng Lijin Tan Rong Nie Zepeng Wang Guanghong Zhou Haiyan Guo 《Acta Geochimica》2019,(4):587-609
The newly discovered Baogudi gold district is located in the southwestern Guizhou Province,China,where there are numerous Carlin-type gold deposits.To better understand the geological and geochemical characteristics of the Baogudi gold district,we carried out petrographic observations,elemental analyses,and fluid inclusion and isotopic composition studies.We also compared the results with those of typical Carlin-type gold deposits in southwestern Guizhou.Three mineralization stages,namely,the sedimentation diagenesis,hydrothermal(main-ore and late-ore substages),and supergene stages,were identified based on field and petrographic observations.The main-ore and late-ore stages correspond to Au and Sb mineralization,respectively,which are similar to typical Carlin-type mineralization.The mass transfer associated with alteration and mineralization shows that a significant amount of Au,As,Sb,Hg,Tl,Mo,and S were added to mineralized rocks during the main-ore stage.Remarkably,arsenic,Sb,and S were added to the mineralized rocks during the late-ore stage.Element migration indicates that the sulfidation process was responsible for ore formation.Four types of fluid inclusions were identified in ore-related quartz and fluorite.The main-ore stage fluids are characterized by an H2O–NaCl–CO2–CH4±N2system,with medium to low temperatures(180–260℃)and low salinity(0–9.08%NaCl equivalent).The late-ore stage fluids featured H2O–NaCl±CO2±CH4,with low temperature(120–200℃)and low salinity(0–7.48%Na Cl equivalent).The temperature,salinity,and CO2and CH4concentrations of ore-forming fluids decreased from the main-ore stage to the late-ore stage.The calculated δ^13C,d D,and δ^18O values of the ore-forming fluids range from-14.3 to-7.0%,-76 to-55.7%,and 4.5–15.0%,respectively.Late-ore-stage stibnite had δ^34S values ranging from-0.6 to 1.9%.These stable isotopic compositions indicate that the ore-forming fluids originated mainly from deep magmatic hydrothermal fluids,with minor contributions from strata.Collectively,the Baogudi metallogenic district has geological and geochemical characteristics that are typical of Carlin-type gold deposits in southwest Guizhou.It is likely that the Baogudi gold district,together with other Carlin-type gold deposits in southwestern Guizhou,was formed in response to a single widespread metallogenic event. 相似文献
10.
城市化对北京市极端气候的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用北京地区20个气象站点35年（1980—2014年）的逐日降水、气温资料和社会经济、人口、土地覆被以及夜间灯光遥感的栅格数据,通过聚类分析和层次分析相结合的方法将站点分类,对北京市城市化进程中的极端气候变化趋势和城市化影响的响应进行了分析。结果表明：北京市整体的极端冷事件呈减少趋势,极端暖事件呈增加趋势,极端降水事件没有明显变化趋势;城市化对极端温度事件有着显著的影响,相对于乡村站点来说,城市化使得极端冷事件减少的更快,极端暖事件增加的更快,造成城市的气温日较差明显变小;城市化对极端降水的影响虽不显著,但在乡村站点年降水量总量和降水日数减小的趋势下,城市化造成城市降水总量和降水日数均多于乡村,减缓了连续无降水日数的增长趋势,同时城市的极端降水有向更加极端的情景发展。 相似文献
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