快速城镇化地区土地调查关键技术试点探索     

黄滢冰  吴颖斌  徐启恒 《测绘地理信息》2021,46(5):116-121

珠江口东岸的东莞市是珠三角快速城镇化的典型代表.随着城镇化的进程,该地区土地利用类型更新速度快、土地利用现状格局较为破碎.技术创新是破解快速城镇化地区国土调查诸多困惑的重要途径,利用新技术、新方法提高国土调查质量和效率是新时期快速城镇化地区国土调查试点的重心.根据该地区国土调查面临的问题,提出了针对快速城镇化地区国土调查的新技术方法,从一体化调查、历史遗留问题治理等方面给出了实践经验,为存在类似情景的其他地区提供参考.  相似文献   

特色保护类村域农村居民点空间重构探析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

冯德东  冯应斌  赵玲珑  龙花楼  徐雨利 《地理科学进展》2022,41(5):825-837

快速城镇化进程中中国乡村聚落空间面临剧烈分化和重组,农村居民点空间重构有利于乡村转型发展。论文基于系统理论,梳理了特色村落农村居民点空间系统形成机制,提出“遵循有序性—延续精神性—落脚物质性”的重构框架,并以贵州省江口县坝梅村为例,选用规模指数、基因分析及空间分析等方法解译了村域居民点系统内、外部特征,提出重构模式。研究表明：① 行为主体、文化基因及民居建筑构成坝梅村居民点内部系统,并分别呈“多元主体行为诱发空间变化、文化基因丰富但延续较差、用地结构与功能多样化”的特征;② 坝梅村居民点系统外部特征体现在外部环境对居民点起约束和导向作用,表现为距离点状、线状基础设施及河流越近,村域居民点数量、规模越大;③ 基于特征认知和重构框架,按照“分区—分类”方法,划分了核心区、重点区、提升区和保育区4种治理区以及完好型、受损型、缺失型、失真型4类民居提升类型,并提出了自组织和他组织2种模式下的居民点空间重构策略,为推动特色村落空间治理与转型提供参考。  相似文献   

基于生计视角的异质性农户转户退耕决策研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张佰林  杨庆媛  苏康传  王兆林  冯应斌 《地理科学进展》2013,32(2):170-180

对重庆市贫困与生态脆弱区的云阳县、石柱土家族自治县376 户农户调研基础上, 将农户划为纯农户、农业主导户、非农主导户和弃农农户, 基于生计视角对农户转户退耕决策进行了解释。结果表明:①重庆市农户兼业普遍, 兼业是农户重要的生计策略;从纯农户到弃农农户, 农户生计资产依次递增, 尤其是人力资产、金融资产和社会资产。②随着兼业程度提高, 农户生计策略逐渐多元化。纯农户生计高度依赖土地;农业主导户开始选择非农兼业;非农主导户生计多样化指数最高;弃农农户生计已经转移到非农产业。③生计是影响农户转户退耕决策的关键因素:纯农户生计资产匮乏, 决策受政策导向明显;作为理性经济人, 对土地经济收益的依赖使农业主导户转户退耕意愿不明显, 对政策响应平淡;非农主导户将权衡转户退耕的补偿与损失, 政策响应模糊;弃农农户资产丰富, 对转户退耕决策响应积极。基于户籍制度改革和可持续生计视角, 本文提出了理性政府行为的3 大对策, 即:建立转户退耕的社保及补偿、激励机制;基于农户生计视角, 实施各种工程措施及惠民政策, 促进农户生计策略多元化;针对不同区位的农户实施差别化的政策。  相似文献   

利用XRD法探讨邢台隆东井田煤变质规律     

张路锁  关英斌  李海梅  张国斌  赵平  李素  郑建  崔胜 《煤田地质与勘探》2010,38(2):1-4

邢台隆东井田煤变质情况复杂,直接影响煤的工业利用。利用X-射线衍射(XRD)法探讨了区内不同变质程度煤的基本结构单元特征及煤变质规律。结果显示:垂向上,随着煤层埋藏深度的增加,层片间距d₀₀₂值逐渐减小,层片堆积高度L_c和层片直径L_a值逐渐增大;平面上,离岩浆侵入体越近,煤层的层间距d₀₀₂值越小,反之d₀₀₂值越大。在煤种分布上,因受岩浆热源的影响,井田内煤种以旧城为中心向外呈带状分布,旧城附近为无烟煤,向外逐渐过渡为贫煤、瘦煤、焦煤、肥煤和气煤。区内煤变质作用主要受区域变质作用影响,并叠加了岩浆热变质作用。   相似文献   

Numerical Simulation in Rockfall Analysis: A Close Comparison of 2-D and 3-D DDA   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Guangqi Chen  Lu Zheng  Yingbin Zhang  Jian Wu 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(3):527-541

Accurate estimation of rockfall trajectory and motion behaviors is essential for rockfall risk assessment and the design and performance evaluation of preventive structures. Numerical simulation using discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) is effective and helpful in rockfall analysis. Up to now, there have been many reports on application of two-dimensional (2-D) DDA programs. In this paper, the major advantages of rockfall analysis using 2-D and extensions to three-dimensional (3-D) analysis are presented. A practical 3-D DDA code is demonstrated to be capable of simulating free falling, rolling, sliding, and bouncing with high accuracy. Because rockfall trajectories and motion behaviors can be described as combinations of these four types, this demonstration indicates that the implemented code is capable of providing reliable rockfall analysis. Finally, specific tests are conducted to compare 2-D and 3-D DDA rockfall analysis in predicting trajectory and dynamic behavior. The results indicate that 3-D DDA simulations are more appropriate for rough tree-laden inclined slopes in providing detailed spatial distribution, whereas 2-D DDA simulations have better efficiency for slopes dominated by valleys and ravines. These results can help in selecting the appropriate DDA simulation for rockfall analysis.  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal analysis of COVID-19 risk in Guangdong Province based on population migration     

Ye  Yuyao  Wang  Changjian  Zhang  Hong’ou  Yang  Ji  Liu  Zhengqian  Wu  Kangmin  Deng  Yingbin 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(12):1985-2001

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Population migration, especially population inflow from epidemic areas, is a key source of the risk related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic....  相似文献   

基于乡村人口转移和农村道路建设的空间贫困破解机理及其对策研究——以贵州省为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

冯应斌  龙花楼 《地理研究》2019,38(11):2606-2623

贫困与地理环境之间交互耦合形成了空间贫困陷阱,本文在对贵州50个国家级贫困县乡村人口转移减贫效应和松桃、威宁、望谟3个典型县域贫困村贫困发生率与农村道路可达性指数空间耦合关系进行实证研究基础上,阐释了破解空间贫困的作用机理,并构建相应政策体系。结果表明：① 贵州国家级贫困县乡村户籍人口向县内城镇转移和县外转移具有显著的减贫效应,但县内城镇转移比县外转移减贫效应的作用力更大。② 松桃县、望谟县极度贫困、可达性较差型和深度贫困、可达性较差型贫困村所占比例在15%左右,威宁为10%左右,对该类型贫困村实施整村易地搬迁和村庄撤并;对具有自然历史文化特色资源的深度贫困、可达性中等型和一般贫困、可达性中等型贫困村应进一步扩展道路宽度,打通断头路,形成网络,增强通行能力。③ 应坚持以县城为中心的就地城镇化和发达地区中心城市、省会城市等异地城镇化并重,加强对转移劳动人口的技能培训,提升其城镇生存能力。继续加大对具有自然历史文化特色资源的保护类村庄的“通村、通组、通户”道路拓宽、硬化等措施,逐步完善自来水、宽带等较为薄弱的基础设施投入力度,推进贫困村基本公共服务均等化;通过发展山区“绿水青山”内生性和外生性产业,引导贫困人口提升自我发展能力。  相似文献   

Investigation of permanent displacements of near-fault seismic slopes by a general sliding block model     

Zhang  Yingbin  Xiang  Chenlin  Yu  Pengcheng  Zhao  Lianheng  Zhao  John X.  Fu  Haiying 《Landslides》2022,19(1):187-197

Landslides - A general sliding block model for calculating permanent displacement of slope is presented. Ground shaking can be applied to base or block in a direction horizontal or parallel to the...  相似文献   

Estimating time-based instantaneous total mortality rate based on the age-structured abundance index   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王迎宾 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2015,33(3):559-576

The instantaneous total mortality rate(Z) of a fish population is one of the important parameters in fisheries stock assessment. The estimation of Z is crucial to fish population dynamics analysis,abundance and catch forecast,and fisheries management. A catch curve-based method for estimating time-based Z and its change trend from catch per unit effort(CPUE) data of multiple cohorts is developed. Unlike the traditional catch-curve method,the method developed here does not need the assumption of constant Z throughout the time,but the Z values in n continuous years are assumed constant,and then the Z values in different n continuous years are estimated using the age-based CPUE data within these years. The results of the simulation analyses show that the trends of the estimated time-based Z are consistent with the trends of the true Z,and the estimated rates of change from this approach are close to the true change rates(the relative differences between the change rates of the estimated Z and the true Z are smaller than 10%). Variations of both Z and recruitment can affect the estimates of Z value and the trend of Z. The most appropriate value of n can be different given the effects of different factors. Therefore,the appropriate value of n for different fisheries should be determined through a simulation analysis as we demonstrated in this study. Further analyses suggested that selectivity and age estimation are also two factors that can affect the estimated Z values if there is error in either of them,but the estimated change rates of Z are still close to the true change rates. We also applied this approach to the Atlantic cod(G adus morhua) fishery of eastern Newfoundland and Labrador from 1983 to 1997,and obtained reasonable estimates of time-based Z.  相似文献   

潞安矿区屯留井田断裂构造研究   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

曹代勇  吴国强 《中国煤田地质》1995,7(2):7-10

屯留井田以逆断层发育为特色，本文讨论了了井田断层形态特征和断层展布规律，指出基底构造格局是控制本区煤田构造变形的基本因素，由此推断井田西部同样发育南北走向的逆断层。  相似文献