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In the ionisation of Rydberg hydrogen atoms near a metal surface, the electron will escape from the nucleus and arrive at the detector in a time sequence. This probability flux train relies on the initial electron wave packet irradiated by the laser pulse. For simplicity, the laser pulse is usually simplified to a delta function in energy domain, resulting in a sharp initial arrival time with an exponentially decaying tail at the detector. Actually and semiclassically, the initial outgoing wave should be modeled as an ensemble of trajectories propagating away from the atomic core in all directions with a range of launch times and a range of energies. In this case, each pulse in the pulse train is averaged out rather than a sharp profile. We examine how energy and time averaging of the electron wave packet affects the resolution of escaping electron pulses and study the energy dependence of the arrival time for each pulse in the ionisation train. An optimization condition for the laser pulse shape to generate narrow ionisation electron pulse in the train is obtained. The ionisation rates with various excitation energy are calculated also, which show the excitation to higher N Rydberg states will narrow the electron pulse as well. 相似文献
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分布式光纤地震传感技术是新一代密集台阵观测技术,其利用光纤在地震波场作用下产生的光时程变化,探测地下介质的动态应变信号.其具有空间采样率高、恶劣条件耐受性强、运维成本低等优势,适用于城市、海洋、深井、冰川等传统地震学观测手段较难开展工作的环境.本文围绕该技术在地球内部结构成像研究中的应用,调研了从浅表数米到莫霍面深度等不同尺度成像的研究进展,其利用信号为从地脉动到高频交通噪声等多频段被动源和不同级别的主动源.文章同时分析了该技术面临的一些挑战,包括信号质量和信号保真度、海量数据处理和波场信息挖掘、海量数据存储和共享分析等,由此建议,须开展主被动源高分辨率动态成像、仪器传递函数计算及其校正方法、大数据有效信息挖掘等研究,从而更好地服务于高密度、高精度的光纤传感地震成像研究. 相似文献
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