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Interannual and interdecadal variability of soil moisture in the European part of Russia in summer months is investigated using the data for 1948-2012. It is found that the two first empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) describe about 50% of total variability of soil moisture. The spatial pattern of the first EOF is indicative of coherent changes in soil moisture in the whole European part of Russia. The second EOF is represented by the meridional dipole with the opposite signs of soil moisture variations in the northern and southern parts of the region. It is revealed that the spatiotemporal pattern of the principal EOFs of soil moisture variability in the European part of Russia almost does not vary during summer that is indicative of the uniform (for each EOF) mechanism of the formation of interan-nual variability of soil moisture. 相似文献
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A. V. Leonov V. M. Pishchal’nik V. S. Arkhipkin O. V. Chicherina 《Water Resources》2010,37(4):528-564
This study has no analogues in terms of methodology, as it uses three electronic instruments for studying the oceanographic
regime of Tatar Strait. GIS “Sakhalin Shelf” was used to reconstruct annual variations in hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics
of the marine environment at standard horizons of oceanographic stations in fixed geographic coordinates. An adapted version
of the Oceanic Model created in Bergen University was used to reconstruct the spatial and temporal distribution of seawater
temperature and salinity, to calculate the density and the circulation rate of water masses and water exchange parameters
between the strait and nearby water areas and between regions within the strait. The hydroecological CNPSi-model was next
used to assess the annual dynamics of concentrations of biogenic element compounds; the biomasses, biohydrochemical activity,
and bioproductivity of microorganisms (heterotrophic bacteria, three phytoplankton and two zooplankton groups), involved in
transformation of biogenic substances, as well as the internal fluxes of biogenic substances, governed by microorganism activity
and the external load onto the marine ecosystem. Analysis of calculation results made it possible to reveal new features in
water circulation in the strait (including those for winter) and, for the first time, to analyze the transport regime of biogenic
substances through the external boundaries of Tatar Strait and through the boundaries of three regions identified within the
strait. 相似文献
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S. A. Myslenkov V. S. Arkhipkin A. V. Pavlova S. A. Dobrolyubov 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2018,43(10):670-678
The results of wind wave hindcast for the Caspian Sea for the period of 1979–2017 are presented. The WAVEWATCHIII wave model and wind forcing from the NCEP/CFSR reanalysis are used. The modeling is performed on the unstructured grid with the spacing to 1 km in the coastal zone. Mean and extreme values of wave height, length, and period are provided. It is shown that the maximum height of waves of 3% probability of exceedance is 11.7 m. The interannual variability of wave parameters is analyzed. No unambiguous trend towards increase or decrease in the storm activity was revealed over the hindcasting period. 相似文献
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Reconstruction of hydrological fields and reproduction of climatic circulation of World Ocean waters
A. S. Sarkisyan K. V. Ushakov V. S. Arkhipkin A. R. Gorbushkin 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2016,52(5):524-534
Due to a lack of observational data, the hydrological fields of temperature, salinity, and density used by oceanographers at present remain significantly smoothed. Specifically, this refers to the WOA data distributed freely by the group of Sidney Levitus. This study describes the history of synthesis of hydrological data and mathematical modeling with high resolution. Our aim is to minimize the drawbacks of original data of hydrological fields, improve them with the help of a mathematical model, and thus reproduce the current fields. The results of some realistic calculations are presented. 相似文献
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The conditions of transformations of biogenic substances and the redistribution of their concentrations in the shelf water
of Sakhalin Island are studied. Preliminary works have given the results for the water area of La Perouse Strait and Aniva
Bay (the Sea of Okhotsk), while this paper gives such results for Tatar Strait (the Sea of Japan). Three electronic instruments
of oceanographic studies are applied: an adapted version of Bergen Oceanic Model (for the reconstruction of the space and
time distribution of seawater temperature, salinity, and density; the circulation intensity of water masses; and water exchange
parameters with nearby water areas and within the strait); GIS “Sakhalin Shelf” (for the reconstruction of annual variations
in thermohaline characteristics on a standard grid and horizons of oceanographic stations, and the parameters of the aquatic
environment); hydroecological CNPSi-model (for studying the annual dynamics of biogenic element compounds, the biomasses,
biohydrochemical activity and bioproduction of microorganisms—bacteria, phytoplankton, and zooplankton, taking part in transformation
of biogenic substances and petroleum hydrocarbons, as well as the internal fluxes of biogenic substances governed by the activity
of microorganisms and the external load on the marine ecosystem). The results of modeling the spatial transport of biogenic
substances through the outer boundaries of Tatar Strait water area and the boundaries of the three areas identified within
it are presented and discussed. 相似文献
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Numerical modeling with the help of an oceanic model developed in the Bergen University and with mean annual data was used to carry out monthly calculations of water circulation fields in Tatar Strait, to calculate the vertical velocities and horizontal transfer rates between three areas identified within the strait and on its external boundaries. Analysis of calculation results revealed new features in water circulation in the strait (in particular, in winter) and made it possible, for the first time, to jointly evaluate water exchange components on the external boundaries and within the strait. 相似文献
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Alexander I. Arkhipkin Vladimir V. Laptikhovsky Paul Brickle 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2010,57(8):1009-1011
We report on the extraordinary findings of several endemic species of North Pacific deepwater fish and squid on the continental slope of the Falkland Islands in the Southwest Atlantic, namely the giant rattail grenadier Albatrossia pectoralis (Macrouridae), pelagic eelpout Lycodapus endemoscotus (Zoarcidae) and squid Gonatopsis octopedatus (Gonatidae). These deepwater dwellers might have moved more than 15,000 km from their common species ranges with Pacific Deep Water along the western slopes of both Americas and through the Drake Passage. Our findings provide further evidence of the possible role of deepwater currents in the dispersal of bathypelagic and benthopelagic animals from one polar region to another across various climatic zones of the world ocean. 相似文献
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Paul Brickle Vladimir LaptikhovskyAlexander Arkhipkin 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011,94(1):102-110
The reproductive biology of a shelf morid, red cod (Salilota australis) was investigated in the Falkland Islands, in order to expand our knowledge of the reproductive strategy of this relatively unstudied family of fishes. Red cod spawn to the south and south-west of West Falkland between August and October. Length frequency and sex ratio data suggest that females arrive at the spawning grounds first. The greatest spawning activity occurred in early evening and this timing may be an adaptation to reduce predation on eggs. Ripe egg size varied from 0.95 to 1.26 mm and was not dependant on female size. There was no regulative atresia during maturation and the formation of fecundity and fecundity increased with increasing fish total length (LT) from 300,000 (42-45 cm LT) to 4.5-9.0 million eggs (75-83 cm LT). The fecundity of most of the population was between 2 and 5 million eggs. Red cod releases small batches of eggs over the spawning period. Batch size ranged from 30,000-90,000 (39-42 cm LT) in smaller animals to 400,000-800,000 (>75 cm LT) in larger animals and the batch size of first spawners was significantly higher than for advanced spawners. The study allows us to discuss the evolutionary relationships between the Gadiformes. 相似文献