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Forty-six open-ocean observations of the von Karman constant k , estimated from the momentum flux, wind velocity, and air temperature differences observed at the Argus Island tower, yielded an average value of 0.40±0.18 for |Ri |⩽0.014, where Ri is the gradient Richardson number. This average value agrees with the determinations of k over land by U. Hogstrom (1988) and S.F. Zhang et al. (1988). Scatter in these oceanic data sets may be due in part to ocean-wave influence as well as to instrumental and statistical variability 相似文献
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Forty-three open-ocean observations of drag coefficients observed at Argus Island Tower near Bermuda by the dissipation technique resulted in constant drag coefficients for mean horizontal wind velocities between 7.8 and10.4 m .s^{1} in good agreement with the larger near-neutral data set of DeLeonibus and Simpson [1] and the neutral data of Large and Pond [2], both of whom observed10^{3}C_{10} = 1.2 whereC_{10} is the drag coefficient at l0 m. Ratios of vertical-to-horizontal wind velocity spectral densities averaged over an inertial subrange of 0.8 to 1.6 Hz ranged from 0.7 to 1.07 in agreement with the Busch and Panofsky [3] result that isotropy is approached only when the observation height is much greater than the Nyquist wavelength. 相似文献
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Reanalysis of open-ocean eddy-correlation drag coefficients observed at Argus Island Tower near Bermuda indicates that near-neutral drag coefficients decrease with increasing mean horizontal wind velocity when the dominant (spectral peak) ocean wave phase velocity is much greater than the mean wind velocity. Near-neutral drag coefficients attain constant values when the dominant wave phase velocity approaches mean wind velocity, and increase again when mean wind velocity is greater than or equal to dominant wave phase velocity. 相似文献
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