The sandhopper Talitrus saltator (Crustacea: Amphipoda) as a biomonitor of trace metal bioavailabilities in European coastal waters   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Fialkowski W  Calosi P  Dahlke S  Dietrich A  Moore PG  Olenin S  Persson LE  Smith BD  Spegys M  Rainbow PS 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(1):39-44

The amphipod crustacean Talitrus saltator is an established, easily accessible, biomonitor of trace metal bioavailabilities in coastal waters. We have carried out a geographically widespread collection of T. saltator from European shores, stretching from the north-west Atlantic through the Baltic to the Mediterranean. A primary aim of the work was to establish a database of accumulated trace metal concentrations (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) in this biomonitor. Statistical analysis has shown significant geographical differences in the bioavailabilities of all the metals, the most distinct being copper, iron and manganese. It has proved possible to identify unusually high accumulated concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in this biomonitor, indicative of high metal bioavailability at a particular site. These may serve as reference points for future biomonitoring programmes seeking to identify metal contamination in coastal waters.  相似文献   

Geoacoustic inversion using a rotated coordinate system and simulated annealing     

Fialkowski  L.T. Lingevitch  J.F. Perkins  J.S. Dacol  D.K. Collins  M.D. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2003,28(3):370-379

An efficient method for geoacoustic inversions in a range-dependent ocean waveguide is implemented and tested with synthetic data. This method combines a simulated annealing search with an optimal coordinate rotation that increases the efficiency of navigating parameter landscapes for which parameter coupling is important. The coordinate rotation associated with the parameter couplings also provides information about which parameters are resolvable for a particular inversion frequency and array geometry. Using this information, results from several single-frequency inversions can be combined to obtain an estimate for the sediment parameters.  相似文献   

Measurements and modeling of low-frequency near-surface scattering statistics     

Fialkowski  J.M. Gauss  R.C. Drumheller  D.M. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2004,29(2):197-214

High-resolution acoustic measurements of low-frequency near-surface backscattering at low grazing angles have been made in the open ocean using vertical arrays of coherent sources. Over the range of wind speeds (4-18 m/s) encountered, the normalized data amplitudes exhibited variable non-Rayleigh behavior, from near Rayleigh in the highest sea states to near lognormal in low-to-moderate sea states. Seven probability density function (pdf) models were fit to the data, with the three-component Rayleigh mixture providing the most consistent fits and the least errors. One pdf model, the Poisson-Rayleigh, provided not only good fits to many data sets, but also physical insights into the scattering process. This model's estimates of the expected number of discrete scatterers ranged from 200/km/sup 2/ at low wind speeds to 2000/km/sup 2/ at high wind speeds, consistent with the expected densities of fish and subsurface bubble clouds, respectively. These results are encouraging with regard to developing physical models capable of using local results (such as these) to accurately predict long-range reverberation and clutter statistics.  相似文献