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C. Fernández M. A. Gaertner C. Gallardo M. Castro 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1997,62(3-4):179-200
Summary The numerical simulation of a long-lived, stationary mesoscale convective system (MCS) already described in a previous paper (Fernández et al., 1995) is analyzed in greater detail. The influence of various external forcings, such as sea surface temperature, local orography or terrain roughness, upon the characteristics of the system is studied. This analysis makes it possible not only to identify the most important factors, but also to deduce the importance of some other internal forcings and to propose explanations for some dynamic features of the system that were difficult to understand. Hence, the sensitivity test methodology applied seems to be a useful tool to clarify the complex dynamics of some moist convective events. In the modelled MCS, sea surface temperature and orography are identified as key factors. The results also indicate that the upstream triggering of convection provoked by an orographic blocking effect is the main cause of the development of the system, while upslope triggering plays a secondary role.With 18 Figures 相似文献
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Two regional climate models have been applied to the task of generating an ensemble of realizations of the year 1982 with
observed boundary conditions in areas covering parts of the Mediterranean countries. These realizations were generated by
applying boundary conditions from the ECMWF ERA reanalysis project consecutively, carrying over the soil variables from the
regional models from one iteration to the next. Monthly mean fields for six iterations of each model have been used as statistical
ensembles in order to investigate the internal variability of the regional model dynamics. This internal variability is a
necessary consequence of the non-linear physical feedback mechanisms of the RCM being active. A small value of internal variability
will give better statistics for climate sensitivity signals, but will make these results less credible. The internal variability
is important for the quantitative assessment of a climate sensitivity signal. With the present choice of models and integration
domains the internal variabilities of surface fields and precipitation do reach levels that are less than, but in summer of
comparable order of magnitude to, corresponding atmospheric variabilities of an atmospheric general circulation model.
Received: 26 October 1999 / Accepted: 18 December 2000 相似文献
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Dr. Hans -Rudolf von Gaertner 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1960,50(1):433-438
Zusammenfassung Die Wirksamkeit der beiden großen NNW- und NNE-streichenden Lineamente im mitteleuropäischen Bereich tritt in der Weiterentwicklung der varistischen Geosynklinale zurück. Im Unterkarbon — für die nördlichen Teile im Oberkarbon — sind sie weitgehend ausgelöscht. Mit dem Aufdringen der Granite treten sie wieder in Erscheinung, um im Perm die epirogene und orogene Entwicklung erneut zu beherrschen. 相似文献
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Assessment of the ecological quality status of soft-bottoms in Reunion Island (tropical Southwest Indian Ocean) using AZTI marine biotic indices 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Bigot L Grémare A Amouroux JM Frouin P Maire O Gaertner JC 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(4):704-722
The ability of the two synthetic marine biotic indices, AMBI and M-AMBI, to account for changes in the ecological quality of coastal soft bottoms of Reunion Island according to disturbances was assessed from macrobenthic samples collected in five sectors between 1994 and 2004. Samples were collected under non-perturbed conditions and at two sites subjected to heavy organic enrichment. Both indices are based on a classification of macrofauna into ecological groups (EG), and their transfer to tropical waters required some adaptations. These indices proved efficient in detecting a degradation of habitat quality. Their use resulted in the classification of all sites sampled between 1996 and 1998 as "good" or "high". M-AMBI nevertheless tended to result in the attribution of a slightly worse ecological quality status than AMBI. Together with an update of the EG species list for the Indian Ocean area, our results support the extension of both indices for the assessment of tropical soft bottoms. 相似文献
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C. Fernández M. A. Gaertner C. Gallardo M. Castro 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1995,56(3-4):157-179
Summary An unusually long-lived (33 hours), devastating (local maximum rainfall rate over 800 mm/24 hr) meso--scale (diameter smaller than 200 km) convective system that occurred over the Mediterranean coast of Spain has been simulated reasonably well by means of a regional numerical model. Several runs of the model including parameterized convection and boundary conditions of varying degrees of complexity have been performed. In most of these experiments, the main characteristics of the event, namely its, stationarity and duration, are captured. The direct relationship between the Lagrangian lifetime of a meteorological system and its degree of deturministic predictability seems to be corroborated by the results: It appears that the meso--scale forcing that preceded and favoured the MCS was especially well predictable, and once initiated, the simulated MCS seems to have several feedback mechanisms helping to extend its life. Results are encouraging, because they reveal that it might be possible to predict very severe episodes of small MCSs such as the one shown here sufficiently in advance.With 15 Figures 相似文献
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Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt eine Beschreibung der petrographischen Verhältnisse im Posidonienschiefer. An neuen Mineralien wurden anomale zweiachsige Calcite und Whewellit festgestellt. Die Feinschichtung läßt sich nach Zählung von dickeren Lagen als Warvenschichtung erkennen. Kleine Strömungen haben Erosionsrinnen geschaffen. Von besonderem Interesse ist ein Gliederungsversuch der organischen Substanz, die sich in der differentiellen Thermoanalyse als besonders vielfältig erweist. Durch verschiedene Vorgänge bei der Diagenese wird organische durch anorganische Substanz ersetzt. Eine ganze Reihe von solchen diagenetischen Reaktionen werden beschrieben. Der stete Wechsel zwischen Sapropel—Gyttja und sogar sauerstoffreichem Wasser läßt vermuten, daß das Sediment immer wieder ein Stadium durchlief, in dem die Erdölbildung stattfinden konnte. Es kommt also als Erdölmuttergestein voraussichtlich in Frage. Weitere Untersuchungen sind abzuwarten. 相似文献
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F.-X. Désert A. Benoit S. Gaertner J.-P. Bernard N. Coron J. Delabrouille P. de Marcillac M. Giard J.-M. Lamarre B. Lefloch J.-L. Puget A. Sirbi 《New Astronomy》1998,3(8):1073-669
We report on the first observation of the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich (SZ) effect, a distortion of the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation (CMB) by hot electrons in clusters of galaxies, with the Diabolo experiment at the IRAM 30 m telescope. Diabolo is a dual-channel 0.1 K bolometer photometer dedicated to the observation of CMB anisotropies at 2.1 and 1.2 mm. A significant brightness decrement in the 2.1 mm channel is detected in the direction of three clusters (Abell 665, Abell 2163 and CL0016+16). With a 30 arcsec beam and 3 arcmin beamthrow, this is the highest angular resolution observation to date of the SZ effect. Interleaving integrations on targets and on nearby blank fields have been performed in order to check and correct for systematic effects. Gas masses can be directly inferred from these observations. 相似文献
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