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1.
Analysis of rectangular piles subjected to lateral loads in nonhomogeneous soil using a Winkler model approach 
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下载免费PDF全文 Hiroyoshi Hirai 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2015,39(9):937-968
An analytical approach using a Winkler model based on two lateral soil displacement components in a three‐dimensional soil is investigated to provide analytical solutions of horizontal response of a rectangular pile subjected to lateral loads in nonhomogeneous soil. The two lateral displacement components of a soil surrounding the rectangular pile are represented by the Fourier series of displacement potential functions in the elastic three‐dimensional analysis. The lateral stiffness coefficient of the rectangular pile shaft in nonhomogeneous soil is derived from the rocking stiffness coefficient taking into account rocking rotation of a rigid pile shaft. The relationship between horizontal displacement, rotation, moment, and shear force for the rectangular pile subjected to horizontal loads in nonhomogeneous soil is obtainable in the form of the recurrence equation. The formulation of lateral displacement and rotation for a rectangular pile subjected to lateral loads on the pile base in nonhomogeneous soil is proposed by taking into account Mindlin's equation and the equivalent thickness for soil layers in the equivalent elastic method. The difference of lateral behavior between square and circular piles subjected to lateral loads is insignificant. The effect of aspect ratio of the rectangular pile on the lateral behavior is great for the lower stiffness ratio between pile and soil and the larger length–equivalent diameter ratio. The effect of the value of Poisson's ratio of soil on lateral stiffness coefficient is relatively small except Poisson's ratio close to 0.5. The comparison of the results calculated by the current method for a rectangular pile subjected to lateral loads in nonhomogeneous soil has shown good agreement with those obtained from the analytical methods and the finite element method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
Hiroyoshi Sano 《Sedimentary Geology》1984,37(3):203-223
The northern tract of the Chichibu Belt on Shikoku Island, Southwest Japan, in places contains dolomites of Late Carboniferous age displaced into radiolarian cherts. The sections here examined are along the Niyodo gorge, central Shikoku. The sequence begins with thinly interbedded dolomitized radiolarian cherts and dolomites with a small amount of dolomitized radiolarian claystone and calcisiltite beds. These rocks, 5–10 m thick, are succeeded by a thick section of bedded and massive dolomites, commonly 40–50 m thick, which have thin intercalations of radiolarian claystone in the upper part. This dolomite sequence is depositionally overlain by a sequence, up to 50 m thick, comprising thinly interbedded radiolarian cherts and claystones, which, in turn, contain lenticular bodies of dolomite.Thin-section examination reveals that most of dolomites of the area have an arenitic or lithic texture, and should be termed doloarenite and dololithite. This means that dolomites are detrital. All lines of evidence suggest that the dolomites were not formed in the same depositional site in which the radiolarian cherts were being accumulated, but formed instead as allochthonous bodies which were displaced into a deep oceanic basin of chert deposition.The following sequence of events is postulated: (1) deposition of shallow-water calcareous sediments in a subtidal area; (2) dolomitization in a very shallow-water to supratidal environment; (3) displacement of dolomitized sediments, possibly mainly as debris flows into a deep-water, truely pelagic realm, in which siliceous radiolarian sediments were accumulating; (4) continued accumulation of siliceous sediments after the major influx of dolomitized sediments; and (5) minor influxes of dolomitized sediments during the continuous accumulation of siliceous sediments. 相似文献
3.
Abstract The Sambosan accretionary complex of southwest Japan was formed during the uppermost Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous and consists of basaltic rocks, carbonates and siliceous rocks. The Sambosan oceanic rocks were grouped into four stratigraphic successions: (i) Middle Upper Triassic basaltic rock; (ii) Upper Triassic shallow-water limestone; (iii) limestone breccia; and (iv) Middle Middle Triassic to lower Upper Jurassic siliceous rock successions. The basaltic rocks have a geochemical affinity with oceanic island basalt of a normal hotspot origin. The shallow-water limestone, limestone breccia, and siliceous rock successions are interpreted to be sediments on the seamount-top, upper seamount-flank and surrounding ocean floor, respectively. Deposition of the radiolarian chert of the siliceous rock succession took place on the ocean floor in Late Anisian and continued until Middle Jurassic. Oceanic island basalt was erupted to form a seamount by an intraplate volcanism in Late Carnian. Late Triassic shallow-water carbonate sedimentation occurred at the top of this seamount. Accumulation of the radiolarian chert was temporally replaced by Late Carnian to Early Norian deep-water pelagic carbonate sedimentation. Biotic association and lithologic properties of the pelagic carbonates suggest that an enormous production and accumulation of calcareous planktonic biotas occurred in an open-ocean realm of the Panthalassa Ocean in Late Carnian through Early Norian. Upper Norian ribbon chert of the siliceous rock succession contains thin beds of limestone breccia displaced from the shallow-water buildup resting upon the seamount. The shallow-water limestone and siliceous rock successions are nearly coeval with one another and are laterally linked by displaced carbonates in the siliceous rock succession. 相似文献
4.
Statistical empirical index of chemical weathering in igneous rocks: A new tool for evaluating the degree of weathering 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Chemical weathering indices are useful tools in characterizing weathering profiles and determining the extent of weathering. However, the predictive performance of the conventional indices is critically dependent on the composition of the unweathered parent rock. To overcome this limitation, the present paper introduces an alternative statistical empirical index of chemical weathering that is extracted by the principal component analysis (PCA) of a large dataset derived from unweathered igneous rocks and their weathering profiles. The PCA analysis yields two principal components (PC1 and PC2), which capture 39.23% and 35.17% of total variability, respectively. The extent of weathering is reflected by variation along PC1, primarily due to the loss of Na2O and CaO during weathering. In contrast, PC2 is the direction along which the projections of unweathered felsic, intermediate and mafic igneous rocks appear to be best discriminated; therefore, PC1 and PC2 represent independent latent variables that correspond to the extent of weathering and the chemistry of the unweathered parent rock. Subsequently, PC1 and PC2 were then mapped onto a ternary diagram (MFW diagram). The M and F vertices characterize mafic and felsic rock source, respectively, while the W vertex identifies the degree of weathering of these sources, independent of the chemistry of the unweathered parent rock.
The W index has a number of significant properties that are not found in conventional weathering indices. First, the W index is sensitive to chemical changes that occur during weathering because it is based on eight major oxides, whereas most conventional indices are defined by between two and four oxides. Second, the W index provides robust results even for highly weathered sesquioxide-rich samples. Third, the W index is applicable to a wide range of felsic, intermediate and mafic igneous rock types. Finally, the MFW diagram is expected to facilitate provenance analysis of sedimentary rocks by identifying their weathering trends and thereby enabling a backward estimate of the composition of the unweathered source rock. 相似文献
5.
Masumi?Ujiie?MikoshibaEmail author Satoshi?Kanisawa Yukihiro?Matsuhisa Shigeko?Togashi 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2004,146(4):433-449
The Orikabe Plutonic Complex, northeast Japan, is a zoned pluton and one of the Cretaceous intrusions in the Circum-Pacific area. In the Main body, K-rich calc-alkaline rocks composed of marginal gabbro and a large amount of monzodiorite–quartz monzonite–monzogranite are intruded successively by innermost calc-alkaline rocks of granodiorite. The gabbro and monzodiorite–monzogranite have a continuous chemical variation, while the granodiorite has lower concentrations of K, Rb, Y, Zr, Nb and F at the same SiO2 content. The gabbro and monzodiorite–quartz monzonite have a Rb-Sr whole-rock age of 119±12 Ma with an initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.70392±0.00007. The initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of the innermost granodiorite is estimated to be about 0.7042. The 18O values of fresh rocks range from +6.7 to +8.3, indicating a positive correlation with SiO2 contents. The K-rich calc-alkaline rocks were derived through fractional crystallization from a mafic parental magma with a slightly high 18O value, implying a major contribution of a sub-arc mantle at a continental margin. Trace element modeling indicates that the source could have been a fertile lherzolite enriched in LILE and depleted in HFSE. The innermost granodiorite was the differentiation product of a distinct parental magma, suggesting the involvement of a small amount of crustal component in the source and partial melting under a more hydrous condition.Editorial responsibility: J. Hoefs 相似文献
6.
Hiroyoshi Hirai 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2014,38(12):1298-1320
An analytical approach using a Winkler model is investigated to provide analytical solutions of settlement of a rectangular pile subjected to vertical loads in nonhomogeneous soils. For a vertically loaded pile with a rectangular cross section, the settlement influence factor of a normal pile in nonhomogeneous soils is derived from Mindlin's solution for elastic continuum analysis. For short piles with rectangular and circular cross sections, the modified forms of settlement influence factors of normal piles are produced taking into account the load transfer parameter proposed by Randolph for short circular piles. The modulus of subgrade reaction along a rectangular pile in nonhomogeneous soils is expressed by using the settlement influence factor related to Mindlin's solution to combine the elastic continuum approach with the subgrade‐reaction approach. The relationship between settlement and vertical load for a rectangular pile in nonhomogeneous soils is available in the form of the recurrence equation. The formulation of settlement of soils surrounding a rectangular pile subjected to vertical loads in nonhomogeneous soils is proposed by taking into account Mindlin's solution and both the equivalent thickness and the equivalent elastic modulus for layers in the equivalent elastic method. The difference of settlement between square and circular piles is insignificant, and the settlement of a rectangular pile decreases as the aspect ratio of the rectangular pile cross section increases. The comparison of results calculated by the present method for a rectangular pile in nonhomogeneous soils has shown good agreement with those obtained from the analytical methods and the finite element method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
Hiroyoshi Hirai 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2017,35(8):1121-1134
An investigation was conducted to obtain analytical solutions for the pullout behavior of a suction caisson undergoing inclined loads in sand. The inclined load is transformed into an equivalent load system in which the vertical, horizontal, and moment loads are applied on the center of the lid of the suction caisson. The vertical and lateral stiffness coefficients along the skirt of the suction caisson in sands are presented using the new three-dimensional elastic solutions taking into account the nonhomogeneous and nonlinear properties of the sand. The vertical, lateral, and rocking stiffness coefficients on the base of the suction caisson are presented considering the solutions of a hollow rigid cylindrical punch acting on the surface of a soil. The yield, pullout, and failure for sands with the nonhomogeneous and nonlinear characteristics are taken into consideration. The effects of the load inclination, the loading depth, and the aspect ratio on the pullout load capacity of the suction caisson are presented. Behaviour of the suction caisson in sand prior to failure is clarified from the relationship between tensile load, displacement, and rotation and that between depth, vertical pressure, and lateral pressure. 相似文献
8.
A Winkler model approach for vertically and laterally loaded piles in nonhomogeneous soil 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hiroyoshi Hirai 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2012,36(17):1869-1897
An investigation is made to present analytical solutions provided by a Winkler model approach for the analysis of single piles and pile groups subjected to vertical and lateral loads in nonhomogeneous soils. The load transfer parameter of a single pile in nonhomogeneous soils is derived from the displacement influence factor obtained from Mindlin's solution for an elastic continuum analysis, without using the conventional form of the load transfer parameter adopting the maximum radius of the influence of the pile proposed by Randolph and Wroth. The modulus of the subgrade reaction along the pile in nonhomogeneous soils is expressed by using the displacement influence factor related to Mindlin's equation for an elastic continuum analysis to combine the elastic continuum approach with the subgrade reaction approach. The relationship between settlement and vertical load for a single pile in nonhomogeneous soils is obtained by using the recurrence equation for each layer. Using the modulus of the subgrade reaction represented by the displacement influence factor related to Mindlin's solution for the lateral load, the relationship between horizontal displacement, rotation, moment, and shear force for a single pile subjected to lateral loads in nonhomogeneous soils is available in the form of the recurrence equation. The comparison of the results calculated by the present method for single piles and pile groups in nonhomogeneous soils has shown good agreement with those obtained from the more rigorous finite element and boundary element methods. It is found that the present procedure gives a good prediction on the behavior of piles in nonhomogeneous soils. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
Analysis of piled raft with nodular pile subjected to vertical load using a Winkler model approach 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Hiroyoshi Hirai 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2016,40(13):1863-1889
An investigation is made to present analytical solutions provided by a Winkler model approach for analysis of piled rafts with nodular pile subjected to vertical loads in nonhomogeneous soils. The vertical stiffness coefficient along a piled raft with the nodular pile in nonhomogeneous soils is derived from the displacement given by the Mindlin solution for elastic continuum analysis. The vertical stiffness coefficients for the bases of the raft and the nodular part in the nodular pile in a soil are expressed by the Muki solution for the 3‐D elastic analysis. The relationship between settlement and vertical load on the pile base is presented considering the Mindlin solution and the equivalent thickness in the equivalent elastic method. The interaction factor between the shaft of the nodular pile and the soil is expressed taking into account the Mindlin solution and the equivalent elastic modulus. The relationship between settlement and vertical load for a piled raft with the nodular pile in nonhomogeneous soils is obtained by using the recurrence equation of influence factors of the pile for each layer. The percentage of each load carried by both nodular pile and raft subjected to vertical load is represented through the vertical influence factors proposed here. Comparison of the results calculated by the present method for piled rafts with nodular piles in nonhomogeneous soils has shown good agreement with those obtained from the finite element method and a field test. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
A nonlinear numerical model based on depth averaged equations and a relevant physical model have been investigated for the deformation of the water wave propagating over a submerged parabolic obstacle in the presence of uniform current. Physical and numerical modeling for wave with both following and opposing currents are done to explore the wave evolutions during passage over the submerged obstacle. A third-order Stokes dispersion relation is utilized in some cases in the computation. Separated flow zone is taken into consideration by two empirical equations obtained from the physical model testing done by the authors. Verification and validation of the numerical model by other published theoretical and experimental data are presented. 相似文献