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The deuterium abundance of natural water of various sources has been determined by the use of a deuterium mass spectrometer. The absolute deuterium contents of the reference sample nos. 1 and 1a of the U.S. National Bureau of Standards were found to be 0·0149 and 0·0128 mole % D2O, respectively, by the comparison of the samples with the standard samples of known deuterium content. Relative enrichment of no. la to no. 1 (R1a−R1)/R1×100 was 14·13 ± 0·23, which agrees perfectly to the value reported by
. The variation of deuterium contents of tap waters of Tokyo and Osaka during last 2 years were within ± 1 per cent and any seasonal regularities could not be detected. Marine waters of the West Pacific have almost the same deuterium content as those of the Pacific coast of the United States. Marine waters at various depths of the Antarctic showed relatively large variation of deuterium content (from +0·84 to −1·16 per cent on the SMOW-scale), whereas the samples of Black Current of the Pacific showed little variation. It was found that the deuterium content of spring water suggests the origin of springs in some cases. 相似文献
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Vertical profiles of excess bottom222Rn and potential temperature were measured at 23 stations in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The Rn profiles were classified into the following three types: quasi-exponential (type E), benthic boundary layer (type B), and horizontally disturbed (type H). The ratio among types E, B and H was approximately 2 : 3 : 1.An apparent vertical eddy diffusivity (K) was calculated by applying a one-dimensional diffusion model to the Rn profiles of types E and B. Type E had K values ranging from 15 to 180 cm2 s?1 (average: 70 cm2 s?1). As to type B, K values for the benthic boundary layer (4.5–260 cm2 s?1, average: 120 cm2 s?1) were always more than an order of magnitude larger than those for the upper layer (0.2–35 cm2 s?1, average: 7 cm2 s?1), indicating more active vertical mixing in the benthic boundary layer than in the upper layer.Rn profiles were measured in regions where the bottom topography is known. It was verified that the occurrence of type H related closely with local bottom topographic features accompanied by lateral transient supply of Rn-rich or Rn-poor water.A couple of Rn profiles at the same location, measured at time intervals of several years, were compared with each other for three locations. The general characteristics of Rn profiles were shown to remain unaltered with time, while the fine structure of Rn profiles may have short-term variations caused by local bottom topography and fluctuations of bottom current as indicated in type H. 相似文献
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A. Esquivel A. Lazarian S. Horibe J. Cho V. Ossenkopf J. Stutzki 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,381(4):1733-1744
We continue with our previous work on statistics of velocity centroids, to retrieve information about the scaling properties of an underlying turbulent velocity field from spectroscopic observations. We use synthetic data sets with extreme effects of velocity–density correlations that we create artificially, which also have a non-Gaussian distribution of fluctuations. We confirm that centroids can be used to obtain the scaling properties of the turbulent velocity when the ratio of the density dispersion to the mean density is less than unity, regardless of velocity–density correlations and non-Gaussianity. It was found that extreme velocity–density correlations can distort the statistics of velocity centroids, impeding the recovery of the turbulent velocity spectral index from centroids. We show that such correlations introduce high-order moments to the maps of centroids, which we disregarded in previous work, but that they are only important when the density dispersion is large in comparison with the mean density. It was also found that non-Gaussian velocity and/or density distort the statistics of centroids too, but to a lower degree than extreme cross-correlations. 相似文献
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Journal of Oceanography - The water below a depth of 1,000 m in the Japan Sea was found to consist of two water masses, the upper layer (the Deep Water) and the lower layer (the Bottom Water). The... 相似文献
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Use of a resistivity cone for detecting contaminated soil layers 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
A cone-penetration technique was developed to detect contaminated soil layers with electrolytes and NAPLs. In this study, laboratory and field experiments were performed to apply the technique. In the laboratory, the change in resistivity was quantitatively examined by adding salt or oil to soil samples. The results showed that the resistivity measurement was varied with an order of ppm for the electrolyte concentration in soil. It was found that the resistivity of sand increased with increasing oil concentration. The effect of oil content was stronger for lower water content of sand.
The results obtained from field experiments showed that the resistivity cone can be used for detecting the contaminated layer in soils whose background values are known. Particularly, the instrument can be used effectively for examining the effects of remediation, by measuring the resistivity of the ground before and after remediation, unless the soil fabric changes significantly during remediation procedures. 相似文献
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Four vertical profiles of230Th and228Th were determined using large volume water samples in the western North Pacific. An almost linear increase of230Th with depth was observed for all of the profiles for which the unidirectional first order scavenging model was difficult to explain. We developed a model which included a dissolved-particulate transformation as well as parameters of the scavenging model. Application of the model to the vertical distributions of total and the GEOSECS particulate Th isotopes (230Th and234Th) yielded the residence time of dissolved Th with respect to adsorption to particles and the turnover time of particulate Th to be 235 days and 57 days, respectively. The Th isotopes appeared to be carried down the water column by fine particles with a mean settling velocity of 1 m/day which continually release Th into sea water as well as pick up Th from the water along their journey to the bottom.For228Th, a large excess over232Th was observed throughout the water column with pronounced high concentrations in surface and bottom waters, suggesting that the228Th was derived from228Ra diffused out of sediments. The vertical distributions of228Th seemed to be significantly influenced by lateral mixing along isopycnals. 相似文献
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Sources of systematic error in the sampling procedure by Winkler method were examined. In the laboratory experiment, the dissolution of atmospheric oxygen into oxygenfree sea water during sampling amounts to 0.022 ml/l, and the effect of dissolved oxygen in sea water remaining in oxygen bottle is 0.019 ml/l. The effect of reagents added amounts to 0.017 ml/l. In the sampling procedures aboard, the effect of dissolution became bigger, and the table is presented for the correction to the reported value of dissolved oxygen measured by the “Manual of Oceanographic Observation”. The corrected value of dissolved oxygen in the routine analysis may not be correct within 0.02 ml/l. 相似文献
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