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Seasonal meteorological events of high wind energy are important in the export of organic carbon from Biscayne Bay, Florida, by altering circulation and tidal flushing patterns coincident with increased resuspension. The accumulation of detrital organic carbon in the bay during productive summer months with light south-east breezes is reversed by the onset of the winter season and associated weekly cold fronts with sustained 15 knot northerly winds. The reversal of Biscayne Bay circulation patterns and increased discharge at Caesar's Creek result in an outwelling of dissolved organic carbon and particulate organic carbon. Southward advection at the seaward extremes of exchange channels prevents reintroduction of exported organic carbon by tidal currents. 相似文献
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J.P. Manning D.J. McGillicuddy Jr. N.R Pettigrew J.H. Churchill L.S. Incze 《Continental Shelf Research》2009
Two-hundred and twenty seven satellite-tracked drifters were deployed in the Gulf of Maine (GoM) from 1988 to 2007, primarily during spring and summer. The archive of tracks includes over 100,000 km logged thus far. Statistics such as transit times, mean velocities, response to wind events, and preferred pathways are compiled for various areas of the coastal GoM. We compare Lagrangian flow with Eulerian estimates from nearby moorings and evaluate drifter trajectories using Ekman theory and 3-D ocean circulation models. 相似文献
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Lewis S. Incze Peter Aas Terri Ainaire 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》1996,43(7-8)
The vertical distributions of copecod nauplii and water properties were sampled at well-mixed and stratified sites on Georges Bank using a pumping system, CTD and in vivo fluorometer during a four day period in late May 1992. At each stratified station at least one sample was taken within the thermocline and the fluorescence maximum, which usually co-occurred. Well-mixed sites had low average concentrations of nauplii, ca 41−1, and showed little variation of abundance with depth. Stratified sites had from 4 to 16 times the integrated (0–50 m) abundance of nauplii compared to well-mixed sites and showed strong vertical patterns of distribution. Maximum concentrations of nauplii, up to 1601−1, were associated with the thermocline at 7 of the 9 stratified stations. At the two remaining stratified sites the naupliar maximum was in the upper mixed layer, sampled at 5 m depth. The encounter rate between early feeding cod (Gadus morhua) larvae and their naupliar prey was calculated with and without turbulence. Turbulence was estimated from two sources: wind stress in the upper layer (calculated from wind observations during our cruise) and tidal shear in the lower layer (estimated initially from a tidal mixing equation). We ultimately replaced the lower layer estimates with turbulence data from a series of measurements made in 1995. The latter are more robust and had the advantage of providing dissipation rates for the pycnocline as well as the lower layer. Theory predicts an increase in encounters between a predator and its prey with the addition of turbulence parameters into standard models of encounter. We combined turbulence profiles with the vertical distribution of nauplii to examine the potential contribution of turbulent kinetic energy to predator-prey encounter rates at various depths in stratified and mixed water columns. Our calculations suggest the following increases due to turbulence at stratified sites on Georges Bank during our cruise: from 34 to 219% in the upper mixed layer, depending on wind speed and depth; approximately 8% in the pycnocline; and approximately 110% below the pycnocline. Mixed sites experience increases of at least 110% (tide only), but greater increases (118–192% in this study) occur when the wind blows because of the combined (spatially overlapped) effects of wind and tidal mixing at these sites. The absolute values for encounter rates and their modification by turbulence are sensitive to a number of assumptions in the models. We used a series of stated assumptions to generate estimates that range from 0.6 to 26.5 prey h−1, depending on geographical location, physical forcing and depth. 相似文献
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Lightweight Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) performing coastal survey operations in REP 10A 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Michael L. Incze 《Ocean Dynamics》2011,61(11):1955-1965
Lightweight Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) were developed for Naval Special Warfare (NSW) Group 4 search and survey
missions from a commercial AUV baseline (Iver 2) through integration of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware components,
and through software development for enhanced on-board Command and Control functions. The development period was 1 year under
a project sponsored by the Office of Naval Research TechSolutions Program Office. Hardware integration was completed by the
commercial AUV vendor, OceanServer Technology, Inc., and software development was conducted by the Naval Undersea Warfare
Center, Naval Oceanographic Office, and U MASS Dartmouth, with support from hardware and software application providers (YSI,
Inc., Imagenex Technology Corp., and CARIS). At the conclusion of the integration and development period, an at-sea performance
evaluation was scheduled for the Lightweight NSW AUVs with NSWG-4 personnel. The venue for this evaluation was the NATO exercise
Recognized Environmental Picture 10A (REP 10A), hosted by Marinha Portuguesa, and coordinated by the Faculdade de Engenharia–Universidade
do Porto. REP 10A offered an opportunity to evaluate the performance of the new AUVs and to explore the Concept of Operations
(CONOPS) for employing them in military survey operations in shallow coastal waters. Shore- and ship-launched scenarios with
launch/recovery by a single operator in a one-to-many coordinated survey, on-scene data product generation and visualization,
data push to Reach Back Cells for product integration and enhancement, and survey optimization to streamline survey effort
and timelines were included in the CONOPS review. Opportunities to explore employment of hybrid AUV fleets in Combined Force
scenarios were also utilized. The Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Marinha Portuguesa, the Faculdade de Engenharia–Universidade
do Porto, and OceanServer Technology, Inc., were the primary participants bringing in-water resources to REP 10A. Technical
support and products were provided by the Naval Research Laboratory–Stennis Space Center, Naval Oceanographic Office, NATO
Undersea Research Centre, University of Massachusetts–Dartmouth, and YSI, Inc. REP 10A proved to be a very effective exercise
in meeting each of the critical goals. Results of the performance evaluation guided final development and Independent Verification
and Validation (IV&V) for the Lightweight NSW AUV, leading to on-time, successful Factory Acceptance Testing and delivery
of the three contracted vehicles to NSWG-4 in September, 2010. 相似文献
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