The expression of CYP1A,vitellogenin and zona radiata proteins in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) after oral dosing with two commercial PBDE flame retardant mixtures: absence of short-term responses     

Boon JP  van Zanden JJ  Lewis WE  Zegers BN  Goksøyr A  Arukwe A 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5):719-724

The short-term effects of the commercial PBDE flame retardant mixtures Penta-BDE and cta-BDE on the expression of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A), vitellogenin (Vtg) and zona radiata proteins (Zrp) were investigated in juvenile salmon (Salmo salar). For this purpose, groups of fish were dosed twice (oral intake at days I and 4) with 10 and 50 mg/kg body weight of both commercial mixtures. The fishes were sacrificed at day 7 (n = 5 for each group) and 14 (n = 6 for each group), and blood, liver, fillet, and brain were collected. Blanks and positive controls were also part of the experiment. The expressions of Vtg, Zrp, and CYPIA were measured with several techniques (EROD, ELISA, Western, Northern and Slot Blot). The values in the groups of fish treated with Penta-BDE or Octa-BDE did not significantly differ from the reference group for any of the parameters tested. In contrast, the positive control groups treated with estradiol-17beta for Vtg and Zrp expression, and beta-naphthoflavone for CYP1A expression did show a significant response, indicating the potential sensitivity of the fishes for the parameters measured. Since the results of the chemical analyses showed concentrations of a number of PBDE congeners in liver, fillet, and brain that were about three orders of magnitude above those of fish from the North Sea, it is concluded that the short-term toxicity of both commercial PBDE mixtures for these endpoints was low.  相似文献   

Species, tissue and gender-related organochlorine bioaccumulation in white-sided dolphins, pilot whales and their common prey in the northwest Atlantic   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Weisbrod AV  Shea D  Moore MJ  Stegeman JJ 《Marine environmental research》2001,51(1):29-50

Organochlorine concentrations were measured in white-sided dolphins, pilot whales, and their prey from the Gulf of Maine and used to identify species, tissue, and gender differences, and trophic transfer trends, in bioaccumulation. Polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations ([PCB]) in dolphin blubber (13 +/- 7.1 micrograms/g fresh wt.) were twice those in pilot whales, but pesticide concentrations (20 +/- 13 micrograms/g fresh) were similar between species. 4,4'-DDE, trans-non-achlor, Cl6(153) and Cl6(138) concentrations were highest. Skin tissues had more recalcitrant organochlorines than the internal organs. Male dolphins bioaccumulated higher concentrations of nonmetabolizable PCBs and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers, whereas pilot whales had no gender-related differences in bioaccumulation. Pilot whales, mackerel, and herring had proportionately higher concentrations of DDTs, whereas [PCB] were higher in dolphins and squid. Although these odontocetes feed at the same trophic level and store a similar suite of contaminants, dolphins bioaccumulated higher and potentially hazardous 4,4'-DDE and PCB concentrations from food in their more geographically restricted range.  相似文献   

Population explosion in Africa: further implications     

Hidore JJ 《The Journal of geography》1978,77(6):214-220

A serious problem associated with the population explosion in Africa is the widespread degradation of vegetation and soils. Various factors such as climate, animal overgrazing, overcultivation, fires, and soil erosion contribute to the social and economic impact in some areas. An increase of droughts due to lack of precipitation has damaged grasslands. In addition, increased animal population due to animal disease control, increased water supply, and social custom of measuring wealth in terms of herd size cause near wastelands from overgrazing. Also, overcultivation of commercial crops due to an increasing population has accelerated soil erosion by allowing shorter fallow periods, which causes lower crop yields and soil deterioration. Firing woodlands and grasslands to suppress new woody growth is damaging soil as well as encouraging the growth of coarse grasses that have little value for grazing animals. The barren land due to firing causes soil erosion both by water and wind; a total estimated drift of dust from western Africa is 60 million tons/year. These conditions indicate that deterioration will continue resulting in lower carrying capacities and lower productivity from cultivated land.  相似文献   

地面透视雷达探测液态污染     

Dani.  JJ 邹长毅 《物探化探译丛》1996,(4):37-46

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Biochemical alterations in juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to zinc: glutathione reductase as a target     

Franco JL  Posser T  Mattos JJ  Sánchez-Chardi A  Trevisan R  Oliveira CS  Carvalho PS  Leal RB  Marques MR  Bainy AC  Dafre AL 《Marine environmental research》2008,66(1):88-89

The aim of this study was to investigate biochemical changes in juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to zinc chloride (10, 30 and 100 microM) for a period of 48 h. Zinc exposure caused a concentration-dependent reduction in glutathione reductase (GR) activity in gills, liver and brain. Gill glutathione S-transferase (GST) was reduced when animals were exposed to the highest concentration of 100 microM zinc. The phosphorylation of p38(MAPK) increased in the brain of fish exposed to zinc 100 microM, while phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2) remained unchanged. Expression of proteins HSP60 and HSP70 were not affected by zinc exposure. Considering the significant concentration-dependent inhibition of GR in all tissues analyzed, this enzyme could be a potential biomarker of exposure to zinc, which has to be confirmed.  相似文献   

通过岩石缓冲体系研究热液成矿作用过程     

Heml.  JJ 干国梁 《国外花岗岩类地质与矿产》1993,(2):32-33

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将金伯利岩指示矿物与金刚石的地球化学相关...     

Guney  JJ 石玉臣 《山东地质情报》1991,(5):20-21

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探测液体污染的地质雷达     

Dani.  JJ 《地震科技情报》1996,(8):27-34

通过介绍美国中西部一个实验场地下水位之上的石油物质的情况，证明了地质雷达（ＧＰＲ）作为探测地面附近污染的的一种手段重要作用，一些试验表明，ＧＰＲ可以提供测绘渗流层中烃类物质的方法，俄州立大学一个砂质试验坑中的控制测量的结果确实表明，在柴油容器和装有柴油饱和的砂质材料的容器上方丰在的清晰的ＧＰＲ异常。在印第安纳州北部一个汽油泄漏场地，一年中不同时期（夏，秋，冬）测得的ＧＰＲ资料在对比给出了在高度潮湿  相似文献   

挪威北部全新世相对海面变化的几何模拟与制图     

Moel.  JJ 邱建立 《国外地质(北京)》1992,(1):36-43

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粗网格模式中仍然存在赤道Kelvin波     

OBri.  JJ 刘宇迪 《气象科技》1995,(3):39-42

最近几年，许多科学家一直在用低分辨率的耦合模式研究ＥＮＳＯ现象，一般认为，在粗网格海洋模式中不存在海洋赤道Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波，这种波也就不能作为模式中存在的ＥＮＳＯ现象的形成机制，在本文中我们将证明在粗网格模式中也存在赤道Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波。  相似文献