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A. D. Kalikhman T. P. Kalikhman B. D. Sharastepanov 《Geography and Natural Resources》2011,32(2):172-178
Presented are the results from expedition-based investigations made by the Institute of Geography SB RAS, and an analysis
is made of the economic indices of development of the Okinsky district (Republic of Buryatia), which made it possible to draw
a preliminary conclusion about the formation of the ecological tourism structure on the territory of Gornaya Oka and provide
a rationale for the establishment of the “Gornaya Oka” natural park as a necessary and legislatively supported territory designed
for rational and controlled utilization of tourist and recreational resources. 相似文献
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T. P. Kalikhman 《Geography and Natural Resources》2017,38(2):122-130
An analysis is made of 100 years of development of specially protected natural territories of Siberia. Attention is centered on the characteristic features of territorial nature conservation which are determined by the dependence on the political, economic and managerial factors. The analysis revealed the periods of formation, decline, opposite trends and negative dynamics in the establishment of new protected natural territories. Using the history of reserve management and studies of Russia as an example, it is shown that most innovations were tested in Siberia, starting from the establishment of Russia’s first state zapovedniks and zakazniks and ending with the setting up of joint directorates of specially protected natural territories in recent years. It is pointed out that the approaches in substantiating the system of protected natural areas were characterized by fundamental differences: from the organization of “pristine benchmarks” of nature with the ideology of total non-interference, to “farm zapovedniks” for breeding valuable game animals and active maintenance of the population of rare species accompanied by measures to eliminate “harmful” species. The rivalry between the geographical and biocentric approaches is described: in the former case, the preservation of typical natural systems was dominant; in the latter case, the preservation of rare and endangered species was paramount. It is concluded that the unevenness of distribution of zapovedniks, zakazniks and national and natural parks depends on the degree of development and exploration of a relevant territory, the likelihood of a total disappearance of the most valuable areas, and on the existence of lands of indigenous ethnic groups. It is demonstrated that the process of development of the system of territorial nature conservation is governed by the administrative initiative, consideration for the characteristics of a region’s economic development and changeable institutional conditions as well as by the factors of the country’s foreign and internal policy. 相似文献
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