Long-term recovery of a Louisiana brackish marsh plant community from oil-spill impact: vegetation response and mitigating effects of marsh surface elevation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hester MW  Mendelssohn IA 《Marine environmental research》2000,49(3):233-254

Oil spills can have significant, short-term, negative impacts on coastal marshes, but the long-term effects and eventual recovery are not well documented, particularly in brackish marshes. The goals of this investigation were to: (1) document the long-term recovery of a Louisiana brackish marsh plant community impacted by a 1985 oil spill; (2) separate the effect of the oil spill on marsh deterioration from ambient rates of marsh deterioration; and (3) assess the relative importance of residual oil in the sediment and decreased marsh surface elevation in the failure of certain areas to recover. A total of 68 permanent plots previously established in 1985 were re-surveyed for plant and soil recovery in the fall of 1989. Although substantial (and near total) vegetative recovery was evident by significant increases in live and total vegetative cover, many of the plots that were initially heavily impacted by oil still displayed elevated levels of total saturated hydrocarbons in the soil. August 1990 measurements of plant photosynthetic response and edaphic variables revealed no significant differences between control plots and plots heavily impacted by oil that displayed vegetative regrowth. Rates of wetland land loss in the oiled marsh during an 8-year period that bracketed the time of the spill were within the historical range measured for this site and similar to the land loss rates of adjacent reference marshes. Results from a manipulative field transplant experiment indicated that the long-term failure of certain small areas to revegetate was primarily due to a decrease of marsh surface elevation (increased flooding stress), not a residual oil effect.  相似文献   

Phytoremediation of small-scale oil spills in fresh marsh environments: a mesocosm simulation     

Dowty RA  Shaffer GP  Hester MW  Childers GW  Campo FM  Greene MC 《Marine environmental research》2001,52(3):195-211

Research was conducted to assess the impact of oiling on fresh-marsh plant communities and to test the efficacy of techniques that may be used to enhance the bioremediation of crude oil spills in these environments while minimizing secondary anthropogenic impacts. To emulate field conditions, a mesocosm facility was used that houses 120 mesocosm vessels, each of 200-1 capacity. A five-way factorial treatment arrangement was used that included two substrates (inorganic, organic), two nutrient regimes (fertilized, not fertilized), two aeration levels (substrate aeration, no aeration), three oiling concentrations (0-, 5-, 10-1 m(-2) of South Louisiana Sweet Crude oil), and four vascular plant species (Alternanthera philoxeroides, Panicum hemitomon, Phragmites australis, Sagittaria lancifolia, and an unplanted control). Under the 5- and 10-1 m(-2) oiling concentrations, S. lancifolia displayed a short-term response of increased productivity, whereas P. hemitomon had the highest biomass production and photosynthetic rates at the end of the 18-month experiment. Overall plant growth and productivity, as well as oil degradation, were significantly higher in the inorganic substrate, indicating that biodegradation of oil spills in organic substrates may require a longer time period. Time-released fertilizer also stimulated plant productivity and resulted in higher soil respiratory quotients, suggestive of greater microbial activity, particularly in aerated mesocosms. The amount of oil remaining after 18 months was lowest in aerated and fertilized mesocosms containing either P. hemitomon or S. lancifolia and a substrate of low organic matter content.  相似文献   

滤水管（Slug）试验数据的自动数字计算     

Kemb.  MW 郑孝玉 《水文地质工程地质译丛》1990,(1):37-41

  相似文献   

澳大利亚堪宁盆地礁组合的埋藏成岩作用     

Wall.  MW 黄思静 《国外地质(成都)》1993,(2):1-13,18

  相似文献   

中国近海天然气水合物找矿前景   总被引：38，自引：3，他引：38  

祝有海  吴必豪  卢振权 《矿床地质》2001,20(2):175-181

天然气水合物是一种新型能源，在海底沉积物和陆上永远冻土带中均有广泛分布。西太平洋是全球三大天然气水合物成矿带之一，在其中已发现许多水合物矿床或矿点。中国近海，包括南海、东海和台湾东部海域，具备良好的天然气水合物成矿条件和找矿前景，并已在这些海域中发现了一系列的找矿标志。南海的西沙海槽、台湾西南陆坡和台西南盆地、笔架南盆地及其东缘增生楔、东沙群岛东南坡、南部陆坡区，东海的冲绳海槽和台湾东北部海域是中国近海最有利的天然气水合物找矿远景区。  相似文献   

青海祁连山冻土区发现天然气水合物   总被引：64，自引：1，他引：63  

祝有海  张永勤  文怀军  卢振权  贾志耀  李永红  李清海  刘昌岭  王平康  郭星旺 《地质学报》2009,83(11):1762-1771

祁连山冻土区位于青藏高原北缘,多年冻土面积约10×10~4km~2,具有良好的天然气水合物形成条件和找矿前景.2008～2009年间中国地质调查局在青海省天峻县木里煤田聚乎更矿区施工"祁连山冻土区天然气水合物科学钻探工程",迄今共完成钻探试验井4口,总进尺2059.13m,分别在DK-1、DK-2和DK-3钻井中钻获天然气水合物实物样品,取得了找矿工作的重大突破.天然气水合物产于冻土层之下,埋深133～396m.水合物呈白色、乳白色晶体,点火能燃烧,红外热像仪测温后呈明显的低温异常,放进水里强烈冒泡,水合物分解后能不断冒出气泡和水滴,并残留下特征的蜂窝状构造.激光拉曼光谱仪检测呈现特征的水合物光谱曲线,测井曲线也具有较明显的高电阻率和高波速标志.祁连山天然气水合物具有冻土层薄、埋深浅、气体组分复杂、以煤层气成因为主等明显特征,是一种新类型水合物.这是我国冻土区首次钻获的天然气水合物实物样品,也是全球首次在中低纬度高山冻土区发现天然气水合物实物样品,具有重要的科学意义和经济意义.  相似文献   

海洋天然气水合物成藏系统研究进展   总被引：10，自引：8，他引：10  

吴能友  梁金强  王宏斌  苏新  宋海斌  蒋少涌  祝有海  卢振权 《现代地质》2008,22(3):356-362

在系统总结海洋天然气水合物形成的物质来源及成因机理、物理化学响应、形成环境及成藏模式、分布规律和资源评价进展的基础上,提出了我国开展天然气水合物成藏机理研究的方向和科学问题。2007年4—6月通过钻探获得了测井、原位测量、沉积物岩心及其顶空气、孔隙水、微生物、水合物等样品和资料。南海北部陆坡神狐海域是研究天然气水合物成藏机理和分布规律的理想区域。采用重点分析天然气水合物成藏的物质基础、形成环境、成藏过程、响应机理和成藏系统等研究思路,针对天然气水合物成藏系统中气—水—沉积物—水合物体系的相互作用机理、天然气水合物成藏过程中的物理化学响应机理、天然气水合物成藏要素的耦合控矿机理等3个关键科学问题,开展天然气水合物成藏物源、地质与温压场等成藏条件、成藏演化热动力学机理、成藏响应机理和天然气水合物成藏系统等5个方面研究。  相似文献   

青海木里三露天冻土天然气水合物成藏模式研究     

卢振权  李永红  王伟超  刘昌岭  文怀军 《现代地质》2015,29(5):1014-1023

摘要：祁连山地区天然气水合物分布较为复杂,急需对该区天然气水合物成藏控制因素与成藏模式进行深入研究。本次重点对青海木里三露天天然气水合物系 列钻井揭示的地质资料及各种样品分析测试结果进行综合分析,结果显示：该区天然气水合物气源以油型热解成因气为主,少部分在浅部混有部分微生物成因气及煤成气,这些油型热解成因 气源主要由下部或更深部上三叠统或二叠系提供;当气源岩生成烃类气体后运移至浅部直接或间接由断裂连同泥岩、油页岩等封堵形成浅部气体聚集;浅部气体聚集体局部加入微生物成因气 或煤成气,经过不晚于中更新世早期形成的岛状永久冻土作用,在天然气水合物稳定带内与水结合形成天然气水合物,当它们处在天然气水合物稳定带之外便在更浅部以异常高压气层或游离( 吸附)气存在。由于气源类型与供应条件、运移与聚集条件、天然气水合物稳定带范围的不同,它们之间的匹配关系在不同位置具有很大的差异性,从而影响该区天然气水合物在横向平面上和 纵向剖面上分布与产出的不均性。  相似文献   

南海北部珠江口盆地深水区天然气水合物成因类型及成矿成藏模式     

何家雄  卢振权  张伟  刘志杰  李晓唐 《现代地质》2015,29(5):1024-1034

南海北部大陆边缘珠江口盆地油气资源丰富,迄今为止不仅在北部浅水区勘探发现了大量油田,建成了超千万立方米的石油年产能区,而且在南部深水区亦 获得了深水油气勘探的重大突破;在深水海底浅层还发现了大量生物气/亚生物气显示,钻探获得了天然气水合物。根据近年来油气勘探及海洋地质勘查所获大量天然气资料,结合油气成藏地 质条件,深入分析了珠江口盆地生物气/亚生物气地质地球化学特征及其气源岩展布特点,初步预测和估算了其生物气生成量与资源量。通过珠江口盆地南部深水区白云凹陷(神狐调查区)天然 气水合物形成的地质地球化学条件分析,进一步证实了该区勘查发现的天然气水合物,主要属生物气成因类型,其气源供给主要来自原地近源以生物气为主的混合气,天然气水合物成矿成藏 模式则主要属于生物气源供给“自生自储型”近源富集成矿成藏类型,且资源潜力颇大。  相似文献   

青海木里三露天天然气水合物分布与储层特征     

王伟超  卢振权  李永红  张文龙  刘文进  李星 《现代地质》2015,29(5):1035-1046

根据在青海木里三露天施工完成的14 口天然气水合物钻孔揭露的地质信息,从天然气水合物产出、赋存、空间展布3个方面介绍工作区天然气水合物基本特征。此外,文章还以岩性特征、空间展布、裂隙、岩石物性多元控制因素 间相互制约和促进的内在联系为桥梁建立了天然气水合物储层这一研究对象。从储层方面分析,受岩相的控制作用三露天天然气水合物在空间上的分布有一定的选择性、延展性和可追索性, 即其储层具有相对稳定性;三露天天然气水合物在储层内部的分布除了受有利储层产状变化限制外,还受到裂隙产状的控制,致使其在空间上分布既不规则、又往往突然消失或突然出现。  相似文献