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1.
Acoustic plane-wave scattering from a rough surface overlying a fluid half-space with a sound-speed distribution subject to a small random variation is considered. Under the assumption that the surface roughness and medium randomness are statistically independent, the scattered field may be derived by first solving for the mean field in the medium, and then incorporating with boundary-perturbation method to obtain the total mean field and the power spectral density of the scattered field. The employed algorithm is compatible to the analysis available in the existing literature so that the formulations are conveniently integrated. The results for the power spectral density have shown that the effects of medium inhomogeneities on the rough surface scattering are limited in a spectral regime where the scattered components have shallow grazing angles. The distribution of the power spectral density over the space is primarily governed by the power spectrum and correlation lengths of the rough surface. 相似文献
2.
The deflection, at a step-shelf fronted coast, of a constant potential vorticity current in a reduced-gravity, inviscid model ocean is studied theoretically. The step shelf, with a depth smaller than the reservoir depth, forces the uplifting of the approaching current and causes water column foreshortening, leading to relative vorticity generation that enhances current deflection to the right (facing the coast). As a consequence, in comparison to the case of a vertical wall coast, the proportion of the transport to the right is increased. For normal incidence for a shelf-depth/reservoir-depth ratio of 0.3 and shelf width to deformation radius ratio of 1.5, more than 90% of the approaching current transport goes to the right and less than 10% to the left. In addition, the (barotropic) dynamic pressure at the coast is low to the right and high to the left (with the highest pressure at the stagnation point). In the vertical wall case, the wall pressures on the flank are equal. For oblique incidence from the left, the deflection to the left is drastically reduced. In fact, there is practically no steady-state flow diverted to the left (less than 2%) when the approach angle is greater than 60° to the left of normal. In the vertical wall case, the same angle would have to be 90° for the flow to the left to vanish, namely only when the approach current is parallel to the coast to the right. 相似文献
3.
对松辽盆地东南隆起区姚家组地层进行系统的地球化学分析,结果表明:本区细碎屑岩中含有较多的稳定组分。通过对微量元素PAAS标准化及稀土元素标准化曲线配分模式研究,研究区内姚家组地层应来自同一物源区。CIA值及Th/U值表明源区经历了中等的风化作用;Th/Sc和Zr/Sc比值变化范围小,地球化学特征基本受源岩控制,物源区岩石未经过沉积再搬运。根据源岩构造背景判别图解,并结合前人的研究成果认为:姚家组地层的母岩主要为花岗岩(海西期和燕山期),并有少量燕山期中酸性喷出岩;源岩来自大陆边缘,为大陆岛弧火山岩系。通过Sr/Cu,Ni/Co,V/Cr,U/Th等比值综合分析,姚家组沉积时为干热气候,水体富氧,因此造成姚家组厚层的红色泥岩沉积。 相似文献
4.
John D. Milliman Ya Hsueh Dun-Xin Hu David J. Pashinski Huan-ting Shen Zuo-sheng Yang Peter Hacker 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1984,19(1):119-128
Tidal phase plays a major role in controlling sediment discharge from the Yangtze River estuary in eastern China. Direct measurements indicate that during spring tide in mid-November 1981 approximately 3 times the sediment passed down the main channel of the river as during the next neap tide, 3 days later. The estuary presumably acts as a conduit for riverine sediment during spring tide but as a sink during neap tide. Tidal phase control of sediment discharge appears to be primarily dependent upon tidal range relative to estuarine depth rather than river discharge or absolute tidal range per se. 相似文献
5.
辽河盆地大民屯凹陷厚层暗色富有机质泥页岩的沉积特征研究和地球化学数据分析结果表明,大民屯古近系凹陷古近系沙河街组发育湖泊和扇三角洲沉积。在扇三角洲中的沼泽地带,发育富有机质的碳质泥岩。暗色泥岩主要产生于半深湖-深湖环境中,具有厚度大、连续性强、分布广的特点。泥岩中的干酪根类型主要以腐泥腐殖质型(II2)和腐殖型(III)为主,利于产气。有机质成熟度(Ro)平均为0.8%~1.3%,有机质处于低熟-成熟阶段。TOC平均为3%~8.46%,有机质丰度较高。脆性矿物总量达到29.0%~51.7%,有利于页岩气的开采。页岩气类型主要为热成因页岩气和生物化学成因页岩气。在页岩气成藏的地质因素分析基础上,综合研究认为,荣胜堡洼陷和三台子洼陷是沙河街组页岩气富集的有利区域。 相似文献
6.
Abstract. The population dynamics and life history characteristics of Callinectes similis and C. sapidus in the Mobile Bay-Mississippi Sound estuarine system of the northern Gulf of Mexico were studied. We report that C. similis is numerically dominant in open-bays, while C. sapidus is more abundant in shallow salt marshes. Juvenile C. similis recruit into both open-bays and salt marshes, but juvenile C. sapidus primarily recruit into shallow salt marshes. Sex ratios of C. similis and C. sapidus were generally skewed towards higher proportions of males than females. Callinectes similis appears to have a life cycle similar to that of C. sapidus. Egg-carrying C. similis migrate to higher salinity waters and presumably release larvae to nearshore shelf waters; following development, the larvae re-invade estuaries as megalopae. Juvenile C. similis grow more slowly than C. sapidus. This may be attributable to reduced feeding rates. Marked differences in fecundity and reproductive effort were found between these species. Callinectes similis and C. sapidus , respectively, produced 2.4–5.5 times 105 and 2.1–3.2 times 106 eggs and invested 24–49 and 171–372 kJ per brood. Rhizocephalan barnacle infestation by Loxothylacus texanus was encountered in C. sapidus , while sympatric C. similis were free of this rhizocephalan parasite. 相似文献
7.
This study examines the roles of soil-structure interaction (SSI), higher modes, and damping in a base-isolated structure built on multiple layers of soil overlying a half space. Closed-form solutions for the entire system, including a superstructure, seismic isolator, and numerous soil layers overlying a half-space, were obtained. The formulations obtained in this study simply in terms of well-known frequencies and mechanical impedance ratios can explicitly interpret the dynamic behavior of a base-isolated structure interacting with multiple soil layers overlying a half-space. The key factors influencing the performance of the isolation system are the damping ratio of the isolator and the ratio of the natural frequency of the fixed-base structure to that of the isolated structure by assuming that the superstructure moves as a rigid body. This study reveals that higher damping in the base isolator is unfavorable to higher mode responses that usually dominate the responses of the superstructure and that the damping mechanism plays an important role in transmitting energy in addition to absorbing energy. It is also concluded that it is possible to design a soft soil layer as an isolation system for isolating vibration energy. 相似文献
8.
D. E. Juang Ph.D. C. S. Yuan Ph.D. S. C. Hsueh M.Sc. L. J. Chiou M.Sc. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2009,6(1):91-104
The objectives of this study were to investigate the species and the concentration distribution of volatile organic compounds around a heavily polluted river. Air samples were collected seasonally at different locations near the polluted river. Samples were then analyzed by gas chromatography (electron capture detector for chlorinated organic compounds and flame ionization detector for ordinary hydrocarbons). The data was then analyzed by the statistical product and service solutions software. The results showed that total of 26 species of volatile organic compounds were identified. Each individual had its own concentration distribution pattern at different seasons and aliphatic volatile organic compounds displayed much higher concentrations than most benzenoic volatile organic compounds. In aliphatic volatile organic compounds, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, hexachlorobutadiene and 1,2-dibromoetane had much higher concentrations at the nearby environment of the river and they have been claimed to be carcinogenic to some experimental animals and possibly to human. Therefore, It is in doubt that for a long term, the volatile organic compounds evaporating out of the stream may threat the health of the residents living very close to the river. The concentrations of tetrachloroethene, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, hexachlorobutadiene, dibromoetane, dichlorobenzene and sec-butylbenzene appeared at the nearby environment of the river had significant correlations (P < 0.05) with those of each other or many other volatile organic compounds. 相似文献
9.
Wen-Jeng Hsueh 《地震工程与结构动力学》1999,28(9):1051-1060
An analytical and closed-form frequency response of equipment mounted on multistorey buildings subjected to horizontal ground motion is proposed. In this study, the dynamics of the equipment and the building is expressed as a state-flow graph model, in which the interaction effect between the equipment and the building is considered. Based on the graph model, the analytical results for the frequency response of the acceleration of the equipment and the internal force in the support are derived. One of the advantages of this method is that the closed-form solutions of the frequency response expressed by polynomial form will be easily examined by analytical and numerical computations without complex operation. Moreover, the dynamic of the primary and secondary systems and their dynamic interaction are expressed separately in the derived formula. Thus most of the items in the formula need not be computed repeatedly for different supports of the equipment in design. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
Fine‐scale spatial variability of throughfall amount and isotopic composition under a hardwood forest canopy 
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下载免费PDF全文 Stable isotopes of water can give clues to the physical processes of forest canopy interception. We examined whether fine‐scale canopy structure is related to throughfall amount and isotopic variation by intensively quantifying both throughfall and canopy structure in a broadleaf, deciduous forest in Louisiana, USA. Local throughfall amount was correlated with canopy structure quantified as distance to the nearest tree, local crown coverage, and local crown length; isotopic composition was also correlated with the same variables but weakly. Spatial patterns of throughfall amount showed some consistency across storms, but spatial patterns of stable isotopes were much weaker and inconsistent. Spatial autocorrelation was consistent in throughfall amount across events, which suggests fixed controls over patterning of throughfall to the forest floor by the canopy. In contrast, lower spatial and temporal autocorrelation in isotopic composition suggested temporally varying controls over patterning, and that routing through the canopy, intra‐storm isotopic variation of rainfall, isotopic exchange, and evaporation interacted to affect the stable isotopic composition. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献