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The investigation data on Scleractinia of the abyssal zone have been generalized. Based on an analysis of maps of the distribution pattern of these corals, it can be concluded that there is a close correlation between the spread of their species and the position of the ocean currents that form the global oceanic conveyor belt. The maps were compiled from published and our own data collected on expeditions of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. We analyzed data on 106 stations. The location of the global oceanic conveyor belt was shown in the maps. The distribution pattern of abyssal coral species confirms our assumption that there are two possible ways of origin of abyssal fauna. We suppose that the genera Fungiacyathus and Leptopenus are ancient and have evolved in deep oceanic layers, while the species D. parvulus obviously originated from shallow-water ancestors and then migrated deep into the abyssal zone as a result of the transition to neotenic development. 相似文献
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The distribution pattern of deep-water Scleractinian corals was studied in the Atlantic Ocean at a depth more than 2 km on the basis of our own and published data. It was shown that deep-water corals predominate (with respect to species diversity and number) in the eastern part of the ocean. In its western part, some species (Desmophyllum dianthus, Flabellum angulare, etc.) were not revealed. In the tropical zone of the North Atlantic, the distribution pattern of shallow- and deep-water corals differs. At the coast of South America, deepwater corals are absent, which is probably related to the deep part of the global oceanic conveyor belt. 相似文献
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Oceanology - Fauna of the circumpolar Arctic and Antarctic regions was compared based on the example of cold-water Scleractinia corals. In similar subzero temperatures of surrounding waters, not... 相似文献
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During the 54th cruise of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh the macrobenthos of the Novaya Zemlya Trough was studied using a Sigsby trawl along the submeridional transect near 75°30′N
latitude at a depth range from 68 to 362 m. In total, 140 species of bottom animals were found. The relative role of the taxons
was assessed using three indices: the number, biomass, and energy flow. Similarity indices were used for the comparison of
the samples. The new material greatly contributes to the data on the composition of the fauna and the structure of the communities
of the studied region. It was revealed that small scyphozoid polyps and sipunculoids play an important role in the trough’s
community. The presence of the community dominated by Ophiocten sericeum (with the important role of small bivalves) was revealed for the first time not only at the eastern by also at the western
slope of the Novaya Zemlya Trough. The sharpest changes in the composition and structure of the bottom community were confined
to the zone of the transition from the trough floor to the slope. These changes are determined by the specificity of the macrorelief
(of the floor and slope), the composition of the ground (soft brown silts abound in rhizopods and dense gray silts with an
admixture of pebbles), and possibly by the hydrodynamic processes near the bottom. 相似文献
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Oceanology - Only two species of scleractinian corals were found in the high latitudes of the Arctic Ocean west of the Barents Sea: Lophelia pertusa (Linné, 1758) and Flabellum macandrewi... 相似文献
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