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Yuliya Luzinova Gary T. Dobbs Roger Sassen Boris Mizaikoff 《Organic Geochemistry》2009,40(11):1143-1150
In the present study, the quantitative determination of the diamondoid compound adamantane in organic solvents via infrared attenuated total reflection (IR-ATR) spectroscopy at unmodified waveguide surfaces was established. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of adamantane in dichloromethane, hexane and carbon tetrachloride were determined. Quantitative IR-ATR measurements additionally facilitated the determination of adamantane solubility limit in dichloromethane, hexane and carbon tetrachloride. The developed analytical strategy further enabled the successful detection and quantification of adamantane in crude oil matrices. Consequently, IR-ATR spectroscopy provides a promising strategy for on ship and in situ diamondoid analysis in harsh real world environments. 相似文献
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A laboratory experiment was conducted inside a wind wave tank to investigate the wave induced turbulence. In this experiment, the wave surface elevation and velocity beneath the water surface were measured simultaneously to investigate the relation between the wave status and wave induced turbulence. The profile of the turbulent dissipation rate and Reynolds stress were calculated using experimental data. The effect of the wave status on turbulence is investigated with regard to the wind wave, swell, and mixed wave conditions. It was depicted that the turbulence decreased with increasing depth from the water surface and that the turbulence that was induced by a wave with larger wavelength and wave height is much stronger for the same wave status. Finally, we observed that the wind wave is more effective in activating the wave induced turbulence. 相似文献
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Victor A. Melezhik Anthony E. Fallick Michail M. Filippov Aivo Lepland Dmitry V. Rychanchik Yuliya E. Deines Pavel V. Medvedev Alexander E. Romashkin Harald Strauss 《地学学报》2009,21(2):119-126
Early Palaeoproterozoic rocks from the Onega Basin in Russian Fennoscandia contain evidence for substantial accumulation and preservation of organic matter (up to 75 wt% total organic carbon) with an estimated original petroleum potential comparable to a modern supergiant oilfield. The basin contains a uniquely preserved petrified oilfield including evidence of oil traps and oil migration pathways. Here, we report the discovery of the surface expression of a migration pathway, along which petroleum was flowing from the sub-surface. This surface oil seep, the first occurrence ever reported from the Palaeoproterozoic, appears as original bitumen clasts redeposited in Palaeoproterozoic lacustrine turbidites. The δ13 Corg of clastic pyrobitumen ranges between −35.4 and −36.0‰ ( n = 14), which is within the range of interbed- and vein-trapped fossil oil (−46 and −24‰), suggesting similar source. Biogenic organic matter, whose isotopic composition was modified during thermal maturation, is the likely source for the migrated hydrocarbon. 相似文献
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Andrew Watson Sven Kralisch Jodie Miller Yuliya Vystavna Shaeden Gokool Annika Künne Jörg Helmschrot Saul Arciniega-Esparza Ricardo Sanchez-Murillo Christian Birkel 《水文研究》2024,38(2):e15065
Realistic projections of the future climate and how this translates to water availability is crucial for sustainable water resource management. However, data availability constrains the capacity to simulate streamflow and corresponding hydrological processes. Developing more robust hydrological models and methods that can circumvent the need for large amounts of hydro-climatic data is crucial to support water-related decisions, particularly in developing countries. In this study, we use natural isotope tracers in addition to hydro-climate data within a newly developed version of the spatially-distributed J2000iso as an isotope-enabled rainfall-runoff model simulating both water and stable isotope (δ2H) fluxes. We pilot the model for the humid tropical San Carlos catchment (2500 km2) in northeastern Costa Rica, which has limited time series, but spatially distributed data. The added benefit of simulating stable isotopes was assessed by comparing different amounts of observation data using three model calibration strategies (i) three streamflow gauges, (ii) three gauges with stream isotopes and (iii) isotopes only. The J2000iso achieved a streamflow Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) of 0.55–0.70 across all the models and gauges, but differences in hydrological process simulations emerged when including stable water isotopes in the rainfall-runoff calibration. Hydrological process simulation varied between the standard J2000 rainfall-runoff model with a high simulated surface runoff proportion of 37% as opposed to the isotope version with 84%–89% simulated baseflow or interflow. The model solutions that used only isotope data for calibration exhibited differences in simulated interflow, baseflow and model performance but captured bulk water balances with a reasonable match between the simulated and observed hydrographs. We conclude that J2000iso has shown the potential to support water balance modelling for ungauged catchments using stable isotope, satellite and global reanalysis data sets. 相似文献
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在“一带一路”倡议下,中国与土库曼斯坦的投资合作成为“中国—中亚—西亚经济走廊”建设的重要内容。土库曼斯坦油气资源丰富,已成为各国投资商的重要关注点。不过,该国较为封闭,相关数据资料相对匮乏。在此背景下,本文基于土库曼斯坦自然资源、经济、社会文化和投资管理等条件,借助熵权法对土库曼斯坦各州和直辖市的投资环境进行了综合评价。研究表明,自然资源是各州和直辖市投资环境演变的核心推动力量,同时投资管理特征和经济发展也发挥重要作用,社会文化特征的影响则不显著。因此,由于资源在空间上分布不均衡,土库曼斯坦各地区的投资环境也存在较大差异,从而导致油气资源不足的地区对投资管理形成较大依赖。总体来看,巴尔坎州和莱巴普州投资环境较好,而马雷、达沙古兹等地区仍有待提高。 相似文献
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Koudryashova Yuliya Chizhova Tatiana Tishchenko Pavel Hayakawa Kazuichi 《Ocean Science Journal》2019,54(4):635-655
Ocean Science Journal - Contamination by persistent organic pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) constitutes a major concern in relation to aquatic ecosystems. To study the... 相似文献
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Alexandra Mattei Frédéric Huneau Emilie Garel Sébastien Santoni Yuliya Vystavna 《水文研究》2021,35(5):e14085
In Mediterranean regions, the marked climatic seasonality and uneven precipitation distribution complicate the application of isotope mass balances to obtain meaningful basin-wide annual average evaporation rates. In the present study, a mass balance approach carried out on the Tavignanu River watershed in Corsica (France), showed unrealistic evaporation rate estimates: 10% for 2017–2018 and 1% for 2018–2019. This suggests that not only does evaporation alter the seasonal isotopic composition in the river, but that there is complex variability of the dominant water reservoirs contributing to the streamflow. Therefore, we propose a modified mass balance approach, including monthly quantifications of different water sources contributing to the river discharge. This allows the discrimination of isotopic variation occurring by evaporation from that originating by mixing processes. By applying this modified approach, we estimated evaporation rates on the Tavignanu River watershed that were in good agreement with results obtained by hydrological modelling: 40% for 2017–2018 and 46% for 2018–2019, respectively. An uncertainty analysis showed that evaporation rates obtained with the modified isotopic approach are close to those obtained with the non-modified approach. Therefore, we recommend using this modified isotope mass balance approach to estimate evaporation rates in such regions as the Mediterranean with high seasonality in hydrological processes. 相似文献
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Yuliya Troitskaya Daniil A. Sergeev Oleg Druzhinin Alexander A. Kandaurov Olga S. Ermakova Ekaterina V. Ezhova Igor Esau Sergej Zilitinkevich 《Ocean Dynamics》2014,64(8):1153-1161
Turbulent air-sea interactions coupled with the surface wave dynamics remain a challenging problem. The needs to include this kind of interaction into the coupled environmental, weather and climate models motivate the development of a simplified approximation of the complex and strongly nonlinear interaction processes. This study proposes a quasi-linear model of wind-wave coupling. It formulates the approach and derives the model equations. The model is verified through a set of laboratory (direct measurements of an airflow by the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique) and numerical (a direct numerical simulation (DNS) technique) experiments. The experiments support the central model assumption that the flow velocity field averaged over an ensemble of turbulent fluctuations is smooth and does not demonstrate flow separation from the crests of the waves. The proposed quasi-linear model correctly recovers the measured characteristics of the turbulent boundary layer over the waved water surface. 相似文献