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1.
Adnan Özdemir 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(8):1695-1710
This study examines the local geological conditions and soil structure as possible causes of the collapse of the Zümrüt Building
2 February 2004. This catastrophe resulted in 92 fatalities and 35 injuries. This study also examines other views which claim
weak soil structure, elastic and consolidation settlement of soil and excessive groundwater extraction as well as subsidence
resulting from the underground silt erosion as possible factors. Zümrüt Building was constructed on normally consolidated,
low plasticity clay. The underground water table was 30 m in depth. The internal friction angle of soil was 8°–30°, its cohesion
was between 34 and 127 kN/m2 and standard penetration test numbers varied between 11 and 50. The underground water level beneath Zümrüt Building had risen
4.5 m since its construction. Therefore the claim that subsidence resulting from the decrease of underground water level contributed
to the collapse is incorrect. Secondly the settlement, resulting from the filling up of the pores created by the silt receding
with the underground water, was 4.4 mm in total, and attributing this as the primary cause of the collapse is also incorrect.
Soil properties, in situ and laboratory test results showed that the existing and/or expected settlement and the differential
ground settlement in the Zümrüt building vicinity had the potential to cause structural damage. The tensile stresses caused
by differential settlements recorded here are thought to be an indicator, but not the main cause contributing to the collapse
of the building. The Zümrüt Building collapse was due to several compounding mistakes during the construction phase. These
were geotechnical and other project faults and the use of low quality construction materials. The resulting catastrophe caused
92 fatalities, 35 injuries and a material loss of approximately US$7 million. 相似文献
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3.
M. Hassan M. A. Haq M. Aslam M. Saleem K. P. Akhtar S. Sarwar Alam 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2006,2(4):319-325
Twenty four new strains were tested for their yield, quality and Leaf Curl Virus (ClCuV) resistance. NIAB-111/S, NIAB-98 and NIAB-999 were significantly high fruit bearing varieties at 90 days completing 59.54, 48.26 and 46.00% fruiting respectively. Seed cotton yield of VH-142 was highest with 5417 kgha?1 and 52 per plant boll bearing, DNH-57 and NIAB-999 remained second and third with 5234 and 5095 kg ha?1 seed cotton yield, respectively. BH-160 and CRIS-467 were found to be second and third highest boll bearing varieties with 50.97 and 40.20 per plant average bolls respectively. Plant height in CRIS-467, MNH-642 and SLH-224 was significantly higher in comparison to other varieties.NIAB-98, CIM-499 and CIM-506 were found short stature varieties in comparison with other but out of these NIAB-98 and CIM-506 were in high yielding position and CIM-499 was found medium yielder variety. GOT% of MNH-642 remained highest having value of 45.00%. While GOT%. of NIBGE-1, CRIS-168 and CRIS-467 was at lowest position with 35.73, 35.89 and 36.62% respectively. NIAB-111, CIM-499 and BH-160 were at first position in terms of fibre fineness with micronaire values 3.98, 4.00 and 4.07 ìg/inch having fibre length 28.53, 31.38 and 30.23 mm respectively. Out of 26 varieties, 16 varieties resulted maturity index in the range of 85.03% and 90.30% with highest maturity index in case of NIBGE-1 (i.e. 90.30%) followed by NIAB-999 and MNH-642 with 89.55 and 85.5% respectively.CRIS-168, CRIS-468 and CRIS-467 were found viral susceptible. 相似文献
4.
Adnan A. Basma Samer A. Barakat Maher T. Omar 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2003,21(3):225-242
The design methods currently used for earth reinforcement are mostly based on deterministic properties of both the soil and
the construction materials used. Nowadays, however, the general trend is designing at a specific degree of reliability. This
is even more true where the raw data such as soil properties exhibit significant variation. Deterministic solutions, in this
case, may not suffice. Therefore, this paper will attempt to use probabilistic formulations thereby modifying the existing
design procedure of reinforced earth retaining walls to account for uncertainties and variabilities. Through a first order
Taylor's series expansion about the mean, the mean and variance of the strip reinforcing components, namely width and length,
are derived in terms of the variations in the soil properties. Design charts that enable estimation of both mean and variance
are developed to avoid extensive partial differentiation involved in the computations. Using appropriate probability distributions
along with the mean and variance, the final design outputs are determined for a selected failure probability by introducing
what is refered to as 'risk index'. The results indicate that the risk index increases with an increase in the coefficient
of variations and a decrease in failure probability. Furthermore, it is shown that in some cases, depending on the variabilities
of the soil properties, the classical design technique produced a relatively high failure probability.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
Y. Ali Z. Aslam M. Y. Ashraf G. R. Tahir 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2004,1(3):221-225
Salt tolerance in eighteen advanced rice genotypes was studied under an artificially salinized (EC=8.5 dSm?1) soil conditions after 90 days of transplanting. The results showed that the yield per plant, chlorophyll concentrations, fertility percentage, and number of productive tillers, panicle length and number of primary braches per panicle of all the genotypes were reduced by salinity. However, genotypes viz. Jhona-349 x Basmati-370, NR-1, DM-59418, DM-63275, DM-64198 and DM-38-88 showed better salinity tolerance than others. 相似文献
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8.
Shattri Mansor Nader Saadatkhah Zailani Khuzaimah Arnis Asmat Nor Aizam Adnan Siti Noradzah Adam 《Natural Hazards》2018,93(2):739-764
The objective of this paper is to develop a spatial temporal runoff modelling of local rainfall patterns effect on the plant cover hilly lands in Kelantan River Basin. Rainfall interception loss based on leaf area index, loss/infiltration on the ground surface, and runoff calculation were considered as the main plant cover effects on the runoff volume. In this regard, a hydrological and geotechnical grid-based regional model (integrated model) was performed using Microsoft Excel® and GIS framework system for deterministic modelling of rainfall-induced runoff by incorporating plant cover effects. The infiltration process of the current model was integrated with the precipitation distribution method and rainfall interception approach while the runoff analysis of integrated model was employed based on loss/infiltration water on the ground surface with consideration of water interception loss by canopy and the remaining surface water. In the following, the spatial temporal analysis of rainfall-induced runoff was performed using 10 days of hourly rainfall events at the end of December 2014 in Kelantan River Basin. The corresponding changes in pressure head and consequent rate of infiltration were calculated during rainfall events. Subsequently, flood volume is computed using local rainfall patterns, along with water interception loss and the remaining surface water in the study area. The results showed the land cover changes caused significant differences in hydrological response to surface water. The increase in runoff volume of the Kelantan River Basin is as a function of deforestation and urbanization, especially converting the forest area to agricultural land (i.e. rubber and mixed agriculture). 相似文献
9.
Adnan A. Akkad Dr. 《GeoJournal》1990,20(3):259-270
The developmental schemes implemented by the Government in the Al-Hassa Oasis have influenced the social and economic behavior of Al-Hassa farming community. The impact of these socio-economic changes on agricultural practices and water use have been evaluated in this study.A detailed questionnaire was prepared considering social attitude, standard of living, family structure, and occupation, and was distributed among the farmers of the Al-Omran area. Data thus collected were statistically evaluated. The study showed that literacy and social exposure were the major factors for the acceptability of modern agricultural practices in the oasis. 相似文献
10.
M A Mohammed Aslam A Balasubramanian 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2001,29(4):237-242
Visual interpretation of satellite images could help in the identification of present and past landforms. An attempt has been made to identify the palaeochannels of the Cauvery river in Karnataka state through visual interpretation of IRS-1C, LISS III False Colour Composites (FCC). In order to assess their inter-relationship with other hydrogeomorphic elements, various geomorphic units have been mapped. Major geomorphic units like alluvial plain, pediplain, valley fill. residual hill, ridges, meander scar, channel bars and water bodies have been demarcated. Considering the hydrogeomorphic setup of the palaeochannels. it is inferred that the disposition of palaeochannels of the area are controlled by the geology and structure and the prevailing geomorphic process. 相似文献