FLUVIAL ADJUSTMENTS TO SOIL EROSION AND PLANT COVER CHANGES IN THE CENTRAL SPANISH PYRENEES   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

SANTIAGO BEGUERÍA  JUAN I. LÓPEZ-MORENO  AMELIA GÓMEZ-VILLAR  VIRGINIA RUBIO  NOEMÍ LANA-RENAULT  JOSÉ M. GARCÍA-RUIZ 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2006,88(3):177-186

ABSTRACT. Until the middle of the 20th century, Pyrenean rivers were characterized by braided channels, unstable sedimentary structures and an almost complete lack of plant cover in the alluvial plain, due to the high sediment yield in hillslopes and the occurrence of frequent and intense flooding. This was probably related to strong demographic pressures, including the cultivation of steep slopes, frequent fires, deforestation and overgrazing. Depopulation and farmland abandonment resulted in plant recolonization in formerly cultivated areas, causing a decrease in runoff and sediment yield. As a consequence, most Pyrenean rivers tend to reduce the width of the alluvial plain and to replace the braided pattern with an incised, somewhat meandering pattern, involving the construction of new terrace levels and the stabilization of fluvial bars.  相似文献   

A Comparison Between Near-Infrared And Visible Imaging Of The Inner Coma Of Comet Hale-Bopp At Perihelion     

SANTOS-SANZ  P.  SABALISCK  N.  KIDGER  M. R.  LICANDRO  J.  SERRA-RICART  M.  BELLOT RUBIO  L. R.  CASAS  R.  GOMEZ  A.  SANCHEZ PORTERO  J.  OSIP  D. 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1997,78(1-3):235-241

We present a comparison between images of comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) obtained from 12 March to 9 May 1997, with two telescopes of the Observatorio del Teide (IAC, Tenerife, Spain) in visible (Johnson-V filter) and three near-infrared narrowband filters (Brγ (2.166 μm), CO (2.295 μm), and K_con (2.260 μm)). No significant differences are observed between the images in the three near-infrared bands suggesting that any CO emission is very weak, or produced by an extended flat source. We do not find evidence for the existence of an additional infrared component due to emission by warm dust, or to dust grains of diverse composition and/or size. Visible and infrared images of the same rotational phase look almost identical, supporting the view that the observed jets and shells are mainly dust structures. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

High-pressure micro-inclusions and development of an inverted metamorphic gradient in the Santiago Schists (Ordenes Complex, NW Iberian Massif, Spain): evidence of subduction and syncollisional decompression     

R. ARENAS  F. J. RUBIO PASCUAL  F. DIAZ GARCIA  J. R. MARTINEZ CATALAN 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1995,13(2):141-164

Abstract The Santiago Schists are located in the Basal Unit of the Ordenes Complex, one of the allochthonous complexes outcropping in the inner part of the Hercynian Belt in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula. Their tectonothermal evolution is characterized by the development of an eo-Hercynian metamorphic episode (c. 374 Ma) of high-P, low- to intermediate-T. The mineral assemblage of the high-P episode is preserved as a very thin Si= S1 foliation included in albite porphyroblasts, being composed of: albite + garnet-I + white mica-1 + chlorite-1 + epidote + quartz + rutile ± ilmenite. The equilibrium conditions for this mineral assemblage have been estimated by means of different thermobarometers at 495 ± 10 °C and 14.7 ± 0.7 kbar (probably minimum pressure). The later evolution (syn-D2) of the schists defines a decompressive and slightly prograde P-T path which reached its thermal peak at c. 525 ± 10 °C and 7 kbar. Decompression of the unit occurred contemporaneously with an inversion of the metamorphic gradient, so that the zones of garnet-II, biotite (with an upper subzone with chloritoid) and staurolite developed from bottom to top of the formation. The estimated P-T path for the Santiago Schists suggests that the Basal Unit, probably a fragment of the Gondwana continental margin, was uplifted immediately after its subduction at the beginning of the Hercynian Orogeny. It also suggests that the greater part of the unroofing history of the unit took place in a context of ductile extension, probably related to the continued subduction of the Gondwana continental margin and the contemporaneous development of compensatory extension above it. The inverted metamorphic gradient seems related to conductive heat transferred from a zone of the mantle wedge above the subducted continental margin, when it came into contact with the upper parts of the schists along a detachment, probably of extensional character. The general metamorphic evolution of the Santiago Schists, with the development of high-P assemblages with garnet prior to decompressive and prograde parageneses with biotite, is unusual in the context of the European Hercynian Belt, and shows a close similarity to the tectonothermal evolution of several high-P, low- to intermediate-T circum-Pacific belts.  相似文献   

The suevite of drill hole Yucatàn 6 in the Chicxulub impact crater     

Philippe CLAEYS  Sabine HEUSCHKEL  Elena LOUNEJEVA‐BATURINA  Gerardo SANCHEZ‐RUBIO  Dieter ST FFLER 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2003,38(9):1299-1317

Abstract— The suevite breccia of the Chicxulub impact crater, Yucatàn, Mexico, is more variable and complex in terms of composition and stratigraphy than suevites observed at other craters. Detailed studies (microscope, electron microprobe, SEM, XRF) have been carried out on a noncontinuous set of samples from the drill hole Yucatàn 6 (Y6) located 50 km SW from the center of the impact structure. Three subunits can be distinguished in the suevite: the upper unit is a fine‐grained carbonate‐rich suevite breccia with few shocked basement clasts, mostly altered melt fragments, and formerly melted carbonate material; the middle suevite is a coarse‐grained suevite with shocked basement clasts and altered silicate melt fragments; the lower suevite unit is composed of shocked basement and melt fragments and large evaporite clasts. The matrix of the suevite is not clastic but recrystallized and composed mainly of feldspar and pyroxene. The composition of the upper members of the suevite is dominated by the sedimentary cover of the Yucatàn target rock. With depth in well Y6, the amount of carbonate decreases and the proportion of evaporite and silicate basement rocks increases significantly. Even at the thin section scale, melt phases of different chemistry can be identified, showing that no widespread homogenization of the melt took place. The melt compositions also reflect the heterogeneity of the deep Yucatàn basement. Calcite with characteristic feathery texture indicates the existence of formerly pure carbonate melt. The proportion of carbonate to evaporite clasts is less than 5:1, except in the lower suevite where large evaporite clasts are present. This proportion constrains the amount of CO₂ and SO_X released by the impact event.  相似文献