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The point source of neutral gas undergoing ionization and expanding into an uniform magnetic field is considered. Friction
between the neutral and ionized particles results in the formation of the magnetic field barrier and diamagnetic cavity surrounding
the source. At least one neutral point inevitably arises at the boundary of the cavity. When the neutral gas production rate
grows, two neutral points may arise at this boundary. In the vicinity of these points magnetic field lines converge, along
with the plasma flow which is magnetic field aligned in the steady state. As a result, two plasma jets originate from the
neutral points. Possible relation of these jets to cometary rays is discussed.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Alexander I. Ershkovich 《Planetary and Space Science》1979,27(10):1239-1245
Helical waves in the tail of Comet Morehouse are studied in the WKB approximation with the plasma non-uniformity along the tail taken into account. A comet tail boundary is considered as a transition layer of thickness d, with the linear velocity profile within it. This approach enables us to set the limits of applicability of the tangential discontinuity model: for wavelengths λ which satisfy the condition both models are practically coincident. The thickness d of the tail boundary is derived from the observations of the increase of the wave amplitude along the tail axis: d ≈ (15–20) × 103 km. With such a thickness stability conditions turn out to be marginal. This could explain why helical waves in type-1 comet tails are seen only occasionally and not at all times. 相似文献
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Alexander I. Ershkovich 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1981,25(4):521-522
The method of evaluation of the cometary magnetic field proposed by Podgornyet al. (1980) is shown not to be self-consistent. An alternative method is discussed. 相似文献
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Oscillations of type-1 comet tails with plasma compressibility taken into account are studied. A comet tail is treated as a plasma cylinder separated by a tangential discontinuity surface from the solar wind. The dispersion equation obtained in the linear approximation is solved numerically with typical plasma parameters. A sufficient condition for instability of the cylindrical tangential discontinuity in the compressible fluid is obtained. The phase velocity of helical waves is shown to be approximately coincident with Alfvén speed in the tail in the reference system moving with the bulk velocity of the plasma outflow in the tail. The instability growth rate is calculated.This theory is shown to be in good agreement with observations in the tails of Comets Kohoutek, Morehouse and Arend-Roland. Hence we conclude that helical waves observed in type-1 comet tails are produced due to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, and the model under consideration is justified. If so, one may estimate comet tail magnetic field from the pressure balance at the tangential discontinuity; it turns out to be of the order of the interplanetary magnetic field. 相似文献
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Parameters of the plasma in the inner coma of comet Halley are derived from the magnetic field measurements by using single particle approximation. Both the plasma velocity and the temperature obtained by using this approach are self-consistent and happen to be in good agreement within situ measurements whereas the neutral gas production rate happens to be 2–3 times higher than the conventionally cited value 6.9 × 1029 s–1. 相似文献
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A.I. Ershkovich 《Planetary and Space Science》1976,24(3):287-291
Helical waves of large amplitude observed recently in the tail of Comet Kohoutek are interpreted as stable waves arising due to non-linear evolution of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. The dispersion equation for waves of a finite amplitude shows that the phase velocity of these waves should approximately coincide with the velocity of the plasma outflow in the tail rather than with the Alfvén velocity. This fact is shown to be in agreement with observations. One may estimate the magnetic field in the Comet Kohoutek tail from both the amplitude of observed helical waves and the pressure balance at the tail boundary. The field turns out to be of the order of the interplanetary magnetic field or less, i.e. ?25 γ near ～0.5 AU. 相似文献
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