Exploration of the Seas: Voyage into the Unknown. US National Research Council's Committee on Exploration of the Seas, 2003. The National Academies Press, Washington D.C. 213 pp. ISBN 0-309-08927-1     

Alasdair D. McIntyre 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,48(11-12):1168-1169

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Identification of rural land management signals in runoff response     

Neil McIntyre  Miles Marshall 《水文研究》2010,24(24):3521-3534

Rural land management signals in catchment‐scale runoff have proven difficult to identify in general. The Pontbren experimental catchment in upland Wales, UK, provides a new data set with which to address this challenge. This data set includes more than 4 years of data from six tipping bucket rainfall gauges and eight stream flow gauges representing different land management regimes at different scales. Data‐based mechanistic rainfall–runoff models were fitted to this data set using the CAPTAIN toolbox. The spatial and temporal variabilities of model parameters were identified and interpreted where possible. The analysis highlighted a dependency between the modelled residence time and the presence of agriculturally improved grassland, which produced a flashier response than grassland in a more natural condition. Another factor found to strongly affect the spatial variability of runoff response was the presence of lakes, while catchment area had a less pronounced effect, and the influence of trees, steepness and soil type could not be identified. Some time variability of response was observed but this was not consistent across the catchment and could not easily be interpreted. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Pollution studies in the Clyde Sea area     

J.H. Steele  A.D. McIntyre  R. Johnston  I.G. Baxter  G. Topping  H.D. Dooley 《Marine pollution bulletin》1973,4(10):153-157

The Firth of Clyde on the west coast of Scotland is a major seaway and vacation area, it supports important commercial fisheries and receives domestic, industrial and agricultural wastes from a catchment area with a population of well over 2 million. The Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland has a continuing investigation of the area to keep track of the increasing threat of pollution, particularly to the fishing industry.  相似文献   

What happened to biological effects monitoring?     

A.D. McIntyre 《Marine pollution bulletin》1984,15(11):391-392

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Manual of methods in aquatic environmental research. Part 8—Ecological assessment of pollution effects: J. Stirn (Guidelines for the FAO (GFCM)/UNEP Joint Coordinated Project on Pollution in the Mediterranean) FAO Fish. Tech. Pap., (209), 70 pp. FAO,Rome, 1981     

A.D McIntyre 《Marine pollution bulletin》1982,13(4):143-144

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The environmental cycle: A basis for action     

D.P. McIntyre 《大气与海洋》2013,51(1):10-17

An analysis is made of the channels by Which the environment affects man and man affects the environment. The interactions between the natural environments (land, water, air, plant, wild life) and the built and social environments are studied. Conclusions are drawn as to how these interrelation ships may be used to develop the in formation that man needs in order to ensure that the environment which results from this complex interplay is to his liking.  相似文献   

Workshop on Problems of Pollution Monitoring     

A.D. McIntyre 《Marine pollution bulletin》1979,10(10):278-279

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Structural controls on fractured coal reservoirs in the southern Appalachian Black Warrior foreland basin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Richard H. Groshong Jr.  Jack C. Pashin  Marcella R. McIntyre 《Journal of Structural Geology》2009,31(9):874

Coal is a nearly impermeable rock type for which the production of fluids requires the presence of open fractures. Basin-wide controls on the fractured coal reservoirs of the Black Warrior foreland basin are demonstrated by the variability of maximum production rates from coalbed methane wells. Reservoir behavior depends on distance from the thrust front. Far from the thrust front, normal faults are barriers to fluid migration and compartmentalize the reservoirs. Close to the thrust front, rates are enhanced along some normal faults, and a new trend is developed. The two trends have the geometry of conjugate strike-slip faults with the same σ₁ direction as the Appalachian fold-thrust belt and are inferred to be the result of late pure-shear deformation of the foreland. Face cleat causes significant permeability anisotropy in some shallow coal seams but does not produce a map-scale production trend.  相似文献   

The philosophy of the Chicago School of meteorology     

D. P. McIntyre 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1951,4(1):24-32

Summary The effect of philosophical thought on scientific achievement is briefly discussed. Through a study of the types of problems investigated and the methods employed by the Chicago School of meteorology an attempt is made to isolate its philosophy. In the light of these results certain concepts favoured by the Chicago School such as energy transmission, horizontal mixing, and indirect circulations, are discussed.

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Zusammenfassung Die Auswirkung einer auf die Grundvorstellungen zurückgehenden Denkweise auf den wissenschaftlichen Fortschritt wird kurz diskutiert. Durch eine Untersuchung über die von der Chicagoer Meteorologenschule in Angriff genommenen Problemstellungen und über die von ihr angewandten Methoden wird der Versuch gemacht, ihre Grundanschauungen herauszuschälen. Im Lichte dieser Ergebnisse werden bestimmte, von der Chicago-Schule bevorzugt behandelte Begriffe wie Energieübertragung, horizontaler Austausch und indirekte Zirkulation diskutiert.

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Résumé Brève discussion d'une philosophie des notions fondamentales et de son influence sur le progrès scientifique. Par une étude de la problématique à laquelle s'applique l'école météorologique de Chicago et de ses méthodes, on tente de dégager ses fondements. A la lumière de ces résultats, certaines notions adoptées par l'école de Chicago telles que la transmission de l'énergie, l'échange turbulent horizontal et la circulation indirecte sont soumises à une discussion.

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Published by the permission of the Controller, Meteorological Service of Canada.  相似文献   

The use of caesium‐137 to estimate agricultural erosion on steep slopes in a tropical watershed     

Gregory N. Nagle  James P. Lassoie  Timothy J. Fahey  Sherwood C. McIntyre 《水文研究》2000,14(5):957-969

The estimation of erosion and sediment delivery rates in tropical mountain watersheds is difficult and most of the methods widely used for estimating soil erosion over large areas have serious limitations. The ¹³⁷Cs approach has potential for quantifying soil erosion because it can provide retrospective estimates of long‐term (since 1963) net sediment redistribution relatively quickly. Despite its great potential, ¹³⁷Cs has not yet been used in an extensive, reconnaissance level survey of erosion in complex tropical mountain environments. The objective of this study was to examine the applicability of the ¹³⁷Cs method to estimate erosion on steep tropical agricultural lands (23 to 80% slopes) in the Nizao watershed, a humid, tropical mountain area of the Dominican Republic. In this study we (i) examine the variation of ¹³⁷Cs in ten reference sites—eight coffee groves and two forested sites—and (ii) estimate erosion from 14 cultivated fields. The soil pool of ¹³⁷Cs ranged from to 150 to 192 mBq cm⁻² on reference sites with minimal erosion. Variability among reference sites was less than expected for such complex mountain terrain. The variability within coffee and forested reference (average CV=28%) sites was similar to the variability found on grassland and forested reference sites in the temperate zone. The estimated annual soil loss from 14 sampled fields ranged from 6 to 61 t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ with an overall mean of 26 t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. Overall, the soil erosion estimates found using the ¹³⁷Cs method were much lower than those often assumed for such steep tropical hillsides. These erosion estimates account for soil loss since 1963 only and it seems likely that soil losses may have been much higher in earlier decades immediately after initial forest clearing earlier in the 20th century. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献