The EVN-MarkIV VLBI Data Processor     

R. T. Schilizzi  W. Aldrich  B. Anderson  A. Bos  R. M. Campbell  J. Canaris  R. Cappallo  J. L. Casse  A. Cattani  J. Goodman  H. J. van Langevelde  A. Maccafferri  R. Millenaar  R. G. Noble  F. Olnon  S. M. Parsley  C. Phillips  S. V. Pogrebenko  D. Smythe  A. Szomoru  H. Verkouter  A. R. Whitney 《Experimental Astronomy》2001,12(1):49-67

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APPROACHES TOWARD AN UNDERSTANDING OF TRADITIONAL SOUTH ASIAN PEASANT DWELLINGS*     

William A. Noble 《The Professional geographer》1969,21(4):264-271

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The eccentric case of a fast-rotating,gravity-gradient-perturbed satellite attitude solution     

Noble Hatten  Ryan P. Russell 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2018,130(11):71

A closed-form first-order perturbation solution for the attitude evolution of a triaxial space object in an elliptical orbit is presented. The solution, derived using the Lie–Deprit method, takes into account gravity-gradient torque and is facilitated by an assumption of fast rotation of the object. The formulation builds on the earlier implementation of Lara and Ferrer, which assumes a circular orbit. The previously presented work—which assumes spin about an object’s axis of maximum inertia—is further extended by the explicit presentation of the transformations required to apply the solution to an object spinning about its axis of minimum inertia. Additionally, several numerical analyses are presented to more completely assess the utility of the solution. These studies (1) validate the elliptical solution, (2) assess the impact of varying the small parameter of the perturbation procedure, (3) analyze the assumption of fast rotation, and (4) apply the solution to the common and important scenario of a tumbling rocket body.  相似文献   

Fossil mammoths from Santa Cruz Island, California     

John Cushing  Marla Daily  Elmer Noble  V. Louise Roth  Adrian Wenner   《Quaternary Research》1984,21(3):376-384

Mammoth remains on Santa Cruz Island, one of the four Northern Channel Islands of California, are very sparse, in marked contrast to those reported from Santa Rosa and San Miguel Islands of the same island group. A probable major reason for this scarcity is that Quaternary deposits are greatly restricted on Santa Cruz Island. It is proposed, contrary to popular opinion, that fossils found on Santa Cruz Island were derived from animals which died on the island, and were not transported there by humans. Reasons for this conclusion are that the size and geological context of the fossils are similar to those of the largest mammoth fossils of Santa Rosa Island, and that, in spite of extensive investigations by many persons, mammoth remains have not been found in middens, either on the islands or on the adjacent mainland.  相似文献   

GROUND WATER: THE OBSTRUCTIONIST'S NEW AND BEST TOOL     

John B. Noble 《Ground water》1993,31(1):2-3

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The Nazca Group of south-central Peru: Age,source, and regional volcanic and tectonic significance     

Donald Charles Noble  Edward Farrar  Edwin John Cobbing 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1979,45(1):80-86

The Nazca Group, exposed east of Nazca, Peru, consists of a lower part composed of conglomerate and finer-grained clastic strata and an upper part made up of at least seven ash-flow sheets (cooling units or ignimbrites), collectively known as the Nazca Tuff. These tuffs were erupted between about 22 and 18 m.y. ago from a vent area in the vicinity of Pampa Galeras now marked by a collapse caldera. The early Miocene age of the Nazca Tuff provides additional evidence for a major pulse of largely pyroclastic felsic volcanism throughout the central Andes during the early Miocene. Recognition of the Pampa Galeras caldera supports the idea that many of these rocks were erupted from vent areas of the collapse-caldera type located near the eastern margin of the Coastal batholith.The Nazca Group overlies a major erosional surface cut on the Coastal batholith and its envelope that can be traced southward to the Chilean border. This surface is a continuation of the post-Incaic erosional surface to the north, which is overlain by conglomerate and radiometrically dated volcanic rock of late Eocene age. The post-Incaic surface therefore represents a major episode of regional uplift and pedimentation that followed early Tertiary orogeny. The absence of volcanic rocks of late Eocene/early Oligocene age overlying the Coastal batholith near Nazca and in southern Peru may reflect a general absence of post-Incaic volcanism in this portion of the Andes possibly related to differences in the angle of subduction and/or restriction of volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of this age to depositional basins east of the batholith.  相似文献   

Two metallogenic maps for North America     

Dr. James A. Noble 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1980,69(2):594-608

Part of the interior of the North American continent is covered by relatively undisturbed sedimentary rocks not available to the entrance of ore-bearing fluids from depths, but a wide belt along the Pacific Coast, a narrower belt along the Atlantic Coast, and most of the north-east quadrant of the continent have been mineralized. If we plot all the known ore deposits in these latter areas, we find considerable differences in the densities of occurrences but no well defined patterns except a crowding along most of the area near the Pacific Coast. If, on the other hand, we plot only the major occurrences, we can see some linear patterns transverse to the edges of the continent.Transverse ore deposit patterns in an ENE direction are conspicuous in western United States and northern Mexico and in Ontario and Quebec of Canada but are almost unknown in British Columbia and Alaska. East-west patterns (within 5 degrees of a 90degree azimuth) are much more rare: one in southern British Columbia, one in Quebec and Ontario, one in Missouri, and one in Tennessee. No north-south patterns of any great length can be recognized.In addition to these rich ridges there are many inhomogeneities in the distribution of the major ore deposits, and these I think are due to subcrustal inhomogeneities in the distribution of metals, presumably in the upper mantle and probably of a late stage in the formation of the earth. I will attempt to show that the large ore deposits of North America form belts bounded approximately by parallels of latitude, separated by gaps in which no large deposits occur. Without undue distortions I have been able to draw outlines to include all the approximately 250 major ore deposits, except in the area north of latitude 60 where recorded occurrences are at present too sparse and too widely distributed.The localization of ore deposits in North America is thus the result of linear zones, probably deep crustal or sub-crustal fracture zones, crossing latitudinal belts of anomalous concentrations of metals probably of pre-crustal age.I have no explanations for the processes that formed either the transverse patterns or the latitudinal belts. They are not prominent and will be judged by many to be nonexistent. The lack of an explanation must not, however, be used to deny their existence— an attitude that surely limits the progress of metallogenic theory. Correlations with similar studies on other continents will be most useful.

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Zusammenfassung Ein Teil des Inneren des Nordamerikanischen Kontinents ist mit relativ ungestörten Sedimentgesteinen bedeckt, die ein Eindringen von Erz-bringenden Lösungen aus der Tiefe verhinderten. Dagegen sind ein breiter Streifen entlang der Pazifikküste, ein schmalerer Streifen entlang der Atlantikküste und der größte Teil des Nordostquadranten des Kontinentes mineralisiert. Wenn wir alle bekannten Erzlagerstätten in diese Gebiete eintragen, so finden wir auffällige Unterschiede in der Verteilung der Punkte, aber kein regelmäßiges Muster, ausgenommen das Gebiet nahe der Pazifikküste. Wenn wir dagegen nur die größeren Vorkommen auftragen, so ergeben sich lineare Anordnungen, die quer auf die Ecken des Kontinentes zulaufen.Quer verlaufende Muster in ENE-Richtung sind auffallend in den westlichen Vereinigten Staaten, in Nord-Mexico, in Ontario und Quebec; diese Richtung ist jedoch in British Columbia und in Alaska unbekannt.E-W-Muster mit±5° Schwankungen sind sehr viel seltener. Eines finden wir im südlichen British Columbia, eines in Quebec und Ontario, eines in Missouri und Tennessee, N-S-streichende Lineationen sind unbekannt.Über die Anordnung in reichen Zonen hinaus finden wir viele Inhomogenitäten in der Verteilung der wichtigsten Erzlagerstätten; diese sind meiner Meinung nach von subkrustalen Inhomogenitäten in der Verteilung der Metalle bestimmt. Vielleicht spielt hier eine frühe Verteilung im oberen Mantel zur Zeit der Entstehung der Erde eine Rolle. Ich will versuchen zu zeigen, daß die großen Erzlagerstätten an Zonen gebunden sind, die annähernd parallel zu den Breitengraden verlaufen und durch erzfreie Zonen getrennt sind. Ohne Schwierigkeiten lassen sich Umgrenzungen mit dieser Orientierung aufzeigen, die alle 250 größeren Erzlagerstätten umfassen, ausgenommen im Gebiet nördlich des 60. Breitengrades, wo die Dichte der Lagerstätten zu gering ist.Die Anordnung der Erzlagerstätten Nordamerikas ist auf lineare Zonen zurückzuführen, die wahrscheinlich auf Bruchstrukturen der Unterkruste oder des oberen Mantels begründet sind. Die Konzentration der Metalle in Querstrukturen zu den Breitenkreisen ist vermutlich eine Auflage, die vor der Bildung der Kruste entstanden ist. Ich habe keine Erklärung für die Prozesse, die zu dieser Metallkonzentration geführt haben. Viele mögen eine derartig vorgegebene Anordnung ablehnen; man sollte jedoch bedenken, daß das Fehlen einer Erklärung noch nicht zur Ablehnung auffälliger Phänomene berechtigt. Es sollten auch andere Kontinente daraufhin untersucht werden.

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Résumé Une partie de l'intérieur du continent Nord Américain est couverte par des roches sédimentaires peu dérangées et défavorables à l'accès de fluides minéralisants venus de la profondeur. Par contre une large ceinture le long de la côte pacifique, un ceinture plus étroit de long de la côte atlantique, et la majeure partie du quadrant Nord-Est du continent ont été minéralisées. Si l'on reporte sur carte tous les dépôts connus dans ces domaines, on trouve des différences considérables dans les »densités d'occurrences« mais aucun réseau bien défini, à l'exception d'un fort peuplement dans presque tout le domaine proche du Pacifique. Si, d'autre part, on ne reporte que les occurrences majeures, on voit apparaître des lignes directrices transversales sur les bordures du continent.De telles transversales dirigées ENE apparaissent dans l'Ouest des Etats-Unis, le Nord du Mexique, l'Ontario et le Québec (Canada) mais sont presque inconnues en Colombie britannique et en Alaska.Des directions Est-Ouest (avec une variation de 5) sont beaucoup plus rares: une dans le Sud de la Colombie britannique, une dans le Québec et l'Ontario, une dans le Missouri et une dans le Tennessee. Aucune direction Nord-Sud de grande longueur ne peut être reconnue.En plus de ces »arêtes riches« existent beaucoup d'inhomogénéités dans la distribution des gisements importants, et celles-ci sont dues, à mon avis, à des hétérogénéités souscrustales de la distribution des métaux, probablement au niveau du manteau supérieur et remontant à une étape tardive de la formation de la Terre. Je désire essayer de montrer que les grands gisements métallifères de l'Amérique du Nord s'intègrent dans des ceintures approximativement limitées par des parallèles de latitude et séparées par des intervalles dépourvus de grands dépôts. Ainsi, sans distorsions abusives, j'ai pu tracer des enveloppes englobant environ 250 gisements majeurs, sauf dans une aire située au Nord du parallèle 60 Nord, où les occurrences jusqu'ici enregistrées sont encore trop rares et disséminées.La localisation des gisements métallifères de l'Amérique du Nord est donc due à des zones linéaires, probablement des zones de fractures crustales profondes ou sous-crustales, croisant des ceintures latitudinales de concentrations anormales de métaux, elles-mêmes probablement précrustales.Je n'offre pas d'explication pour les processus qui ont formé les ceintures latitudinales et les transversales. Les unes et les autres ne sont pas fortement apparentes, et beaucoup estimeront qu'elles n'existent pas. Cette absence d'explication ne doit cependant pas être utilisée pour nier leur existence, attitude qui limiterait certainement les progrès des théories métallogéniques. Des comparaisons avec des ètudes similaires sur d'autres continents seraient certainement très utiles.

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Peralkaline silicic volcanic rocks of the Western United States     

D. C. Noble  D. F. Parker 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1974,38(2):803-827

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Episodic Cenozoic volcanism and tectonism in the Andes of Peru     

Donald C. Noble  Edwin H. McKee  Edward Farrar  Ulrich Petersen 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1974,21(2):213-220

Radiometric and geologic information indicate a complex history of Cenozoic volcanism and tectonism in the central Andes. K-Ar ages on silicic pyroclastic rocks demonstrate major volcanic activity in central and southern Peru, northern Chile, and adjacent areas during the Early and Middle Miocene, and provide additional evidence for volcanism during the Late Eocene. A provisional outline of tectonic and volcanic events in the Peruvian Andes during the Cenozoic includes: one or more pulses of igneous activity and intense deformation during the Paleocene and Eocene; a period of quiescence, lasting most of Oligocene time; reinception of tectonism and volcanism at the beginning of the Miocene; and a major pulse of deformation in the Middle Miocene accompanied and followed through the Pliocene by intense volcanism and plutonism. Reinception of igneous activity and tectonism at about the Oligocene-Miocene boundary, a feature recognized in other circum-Pacific regions, may reflect an increase in the rate of rotation of the Pacific plate relative to fixed or quasifixed mantle coordinates. Middle Miocene tectonism and latest Tertiary volcanism correlates with and probably is genetically related to the beginning of very rapid spreading at the East Pacific Rise.  相似文献   

Evidence of space weathering in regolith breccias I: Lunar regolith breccias     

Sarah K. Noble  Lindsay P. Keller  Carl M. Pieters 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2005,40(3):397-408

Abstract— We have analyzed a suite of lunar regolith breccias in order to assess how well space weathering products can be preserved through the lithification process and therefore whether or not it is appropriate to search for space weathering products in asteroidal regolith breccia meteorites. It was found that space weathering products, vapor/sputter deposited nanophase‐iron‐bearing rims in particular, are easily identified in even heavily shocked/compacted lunar regolith breccias. Such rims, if created on asteroids, should thus be preserved in asteroidal regolith breccia meteorites. Two additional rim types, glass rims and vesicular rims, identified in regolith breccias, are also described. These rims are common in lunar regolith breccias but rare to absent in lunar soils, which suggests that they are created in the breccia‐forming process itself. While not “space weathering products” in the strictest sense, these additional rims give us insight into the regolith breccia formation process. The presence or absence of glass and/or vesicular rims in asteroidal regolith breccias will likewise tell us about environmental conditions on the surface of the asteroid body on which the breccia was created.  相似文献