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We present results from a global simulation of the interaction of the solar wind with Earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere, and
thermosphere for the Bastille Day geomagnetic storm and compare the results with data. We find that during this event the
magnetosphere becomes extremely compressed and eroded, causing 3 geosynchronous GOES satellites to enter the magnetosheath
for an extended time period. At its extreme, the magnetopause moves at local noon as close as 4.9 R
E to Earth which is interpreted as the consequence of the combined action of enhanced dynamic pressure and strong dayside reconnection
due to the strong southward interplanetary magnetic field component B
z, which at one time reaches a value of −60 nT. The lobes bulge sunward and shield the dayside reconnection region, thereby
limiting the reconnection rate and thus the cross polar cap potential. Modeled ground magnetic perturbations are compared
with data from 37 sub-auroral, auroral, and polar cap magnetometer stations. While the model can not yet predict the perturbations
and fluctuations at individual ground stations, its predictions of the fluctuation spectrum in the 0–3 mHz range for the sub-auroral
and high-latitude regions are remarkably good. However, at auroral latitudes (63° to 70° magnetic latitude) the predicted
fluctuations are slightly too high.
Supplementary material to this paper is available in electronic form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1014228230714 相似文献
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