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1.
S. Ó Tuairisg R. F. Butler A. Shearer R. M. Redfern D. Butler A. Penny 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,345(3):960-980
We present the results of TRIFFID simultaneous V - and B -band observations of the cores of the globular clusters M15, M92 and NGC 6712. A variability search of their dense centres was made feasible through performing post-exposure image sharpening on the images, increasing the image resolution by a factor of ∼2. The isis implementation of the image subtraction technique developed by Alard & Lupton was then used to detect flux variations in our image sets. We have obtained periods for all observable variables (in our field of view) in NGC 6712 and we have found two new RR Lyrae variables (an RRab and an RRc). We have confirmed three variables in our field of view of the M92. For M15, we detect 48 variables in our field of view, 23 of which are new discoveries. We obtain periods and amplitudes for all variables and classify new ones based on the light-curve shape, the most significant period and the mean magnitude in the V band. Among the detected RR Lyrae we find 19 RRc, 12 RRab and two RRd types. In the subsequent analysis we find a marked increase in RRc over RRab variables in the core. In a refined procedure to search for fainter objects we find no dwarf novae in our field of view of M15. Simulations performed on the data set to quantify our sensitivity to such objects indicate that an upper limit of 10 dwarf novae (at 92 per cent probability) exist in our field of view. The implications this result has on globular clusters are discussed. 相似文献
2.
P. F. Schofield C. M. B. Henderson S. A. T. Redfern G. van der Laan 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1993,20(6):375-381
The solid solution sanmartinite (ZnWO4)—cuproscheelite (CuWO4) has been studied using Cu 2p X-ray absorption spectroscopy. While a single L3 absorption peak is observed for CuWO4, two distinct L3 absorption peaks with a separation of ～0.8 eV are observed for the intermediate samples in the solid solution. The two peaks represent distinct Cu sites: one with all CuO6 next nearest neighbours in the (Cu,Zn)O6 chains, another having at least one ZnO6 next nearest neighbour. Both sites show a linear increase in covalency as a function of increasing Cu-content. The relative intensities of the two absorption peaks is dependent upon the Cu-content and has been used to model the site occupancies. The results reveal that the local structural effects can be associated with a composition-dependent structural phase transition from P2/c (ZnWO4) to P $\bar 1$ (CuWO4). Deviations from a single-site model are explained in terms of the local environments, and evidence for site preferences and local clustering are explored. 相似文献
3.
E. J. Palin M. T. Dove S. A. T. Redfern C. I. Saniz-Díaz W. T. Lee 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2003,30(5):293-304
As part of a wider study of the nature and origins of cation order–disorder in micas, a variety of computational techniques
have been used to investigate the nature of tetrahedral and octahedral ordering in phengite, K2
[6](Al3Mg)[4](Si7Al)O20(OH)4. Values of the atomic exchange interaction parameters J
n
used to model the energies of order–disorder were calculated. Both tetrahedral Al–Si and octahedral Al–Mg ordering were studied
and hence three types of interaction parameter were necessary: for T–T, O–O and T–O interactions (where T denotes tetrahedral
sites and O denotes octahedral sites). Values for the T–T and O–O interactions were taken from results on other systems, whilst
we calculated new values for the T–O interactions. We have demonstrated that modelling the octahedral and tetrahedral sheets
alone and independently produces different results from modelling a whole T–O–T layer, hence justifying the inclusion of the
T–O interactions. Simulations of a whole T–O–T layer of phengite indicated the presence of short-range order, but no long-range
order was observed.
Received: 8 August 2002 / Accepted: 14 February 2003
Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to EPSRC (EJP) and the Royal Society (CIS) for financial support. Monte Carlo simulations were performed
on the Mineral Physics Group's Beowulf cluster and the University of Cambridge's High Performance Computing Facility. 相似文献
4.
Simon A. T. Redfern Ann Graeme-Barber Ekhard Salje 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1988,16(2):157-163
The lattice parameters of anorthites An98Ab2 and An100 have been measured from 22 to 1100 K. The spontaneous strain arising from the \(I\overline 1 - P\overline 1\) displacive transition in An98 follows second order Landau behaviour. The spontaneous strain (? s) couples quadratically to the order parameter (Q 0) with ? s∝Q 02∝(T c * ?T) and T c * =530 K in An98. This is in contrast to the tricritical behaviour observed in pure anorthite. These observations are consistent with a Landau model for the free energy of Ca-rich plagioclases in which Al/Si order and Na content renormalize the fourth order coefficient. 相似文献
5.
The temperature dependence of the lattice parameters of pure anorthite with high Al/Si order reveals the predicted tricritical behaviour of the \(I\bar 1 \leftrightarrow P\bar 1\) phase transition at T c * =510 K. The spontaneous strain couples to the order parameter Q° as x i∝S xQ i Q°2 with S xQ 1 =4.166×10?3, S xQ 2 =0.771×10?3, S xQ 3 =?7.223×10?3 for the diagonal elements. The temperature dependence of Q° is $$Q^{\text{o}} = \left( {1 - \frac{T}{{510}}} \right)^\beta ,{\text{ }}\beta = \tfrac{{\text{1}}}{{\text{4}}}$$ A strong dependence of T c * , S xQ i and β is predicted for Al/Si disordered anorthite. 相似文献
6.
7.
Butler Shearer Redfern Colhoun O'Kane Penny Morris Griffiths & Cullum 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,296(2):379-391
The Galway/DIAS Image Sharpening Camera, TRIFFID, has been used to make observations in two colours of the centre of the post-core-collapse globular cluster M15. We present here our analysis of the photometry in B over two seasons. We have combined the complementary qualities of the HST 's high astrometric precision and TRIFFID's extended coverage and photometric precision, to perform crowded-field photometry in the innermost region of M15. Our technique virtually eliminates the problem of extreme crowding which has hitherto hampered studies of the variable star populations in globular cluster cores, and thereby provides an extension of the HST 's capability. Candidate variables detected with the HST have been confirmed and monitored over longer periods. We show that most of these are RR Lyrae stars, and that one is a short-period Type II Cepheid (the third to be discovered in M15). Our photometric study also produced evidence of a similar number of new variables. These also appear to be RR Lyrae stars, except for a possible eclipsing system. Further data from an upgraded version of TRIFFID have recently been obtained to help to refine the light curves of all these objects. 相似文献
8.
Gillian Kyne David Lara Gregg Hallinan Michael Redfern Andrew Shearer 《Experimental Astronomy》2016,41(1-2):43-66
Polarised light from astronomical targets can yield a wealth of information about their source radiation mechanisms, and about the geometry of the scattered light regions. Optical observations, of both the linear and circular polarisation components, have been impeded due to non-optimised instrumentation. The need for suitable observing conditions and the availability of luminous targets are also limiting factors. The science motivation of any instrument adds constraints to its operation such as high signal-to-noise (SNR) and detector readout speeds. These factors in particular lead to a wide range of sources that have yet to be observed. The Galway Astronomical Stokes Polarimeter (GASP) has been specifically designed to make observations of these sources. GASP uses division of amplitude polarimeter (DOAP) (Compain and Drevillon Appl. Opt. 37, 5938–5944, 1998) to measure the four components of the Stokes vector (I, Q, U and V) simultaneously, which eliminates the constraints placed upon the need for moving parts during observation, and offers a real-time complete measurement of polarisation. Results from the GASP calibration are presented in this work for both a 1D detector system, and a pixel-by-pixel analysis on a 2D detector system. Following Compain et al. (Appl. Opt. 38, 3490–3502 1999) we use the Eigenvalue Calibration Method (ECM) to measure the polarimetric limitations of the instrument for each of the two systems. Consequently, the ECM is able to compensate for systematic errors introduced by the calibration optics, and it also accounts for all optical elements of the polarimeter in the output. Initial laboratory results of the ECM are presented, using APD detectors, where errors of 0.2 % and 0.1° were measured for the degree of linear polarisation (DOLP) and polarisation angle (PA) respectively. Channel-to-channel image registration is an important aspect of 2-D polarimetry. We present our calibration results of the measured Mueller matrix of each sample, used by the ECM, when 2 Andor iXon Ultra 897 detectors were loaned to the project. A set of Zenith flat-field images were recorded during an observing campaign at the Palomar 200 inch telescope in November 2012. From these we show the polarimetric errors from the spatial polarimetry indicating both the stability and absolute accuracy of GASP. 相似文献
9.
C. O'Sullivan R. M. Redfern N. Ageorges H.-C. Holstenberg W. Hackenberg T. Ott S. Rabien R. Davies A. Eckart 《Experimental Astronomy》2000,10(1):147-156
In this article we investigate the short-term characteristics of the sodium layer and their implications for laser guide star systems. We report measurements of sodium density andcentroid-height variations on timescales of 100 ms upwards. Significant centroid-height variations on short timescales may necessitate frequent refocussing of the beam and wavefront sensor system.We present results from observations of the mesospheric sodium layer taken at the Max Planck observatory in Calar Alto, Spain in September 1997 and August 1998. We describe our experiment which uses the resonant optical backscatter of 589.2 nm laser light from the upper atmosphere as a measure of sodium abundance.Short-term variations are dominated by the formation of dense sporadic layers in the normal sodium layer. Measurements were made on 3 nights in 1997 and on 2 nights in 1998. Somewhat unexpectedly for a mid-latitude site, sporadic sodium layers were seen on 4 of these 5 nights. One of the sporadic layers was observed for its duration. The 2 km wide layer reached a maximum intensity of approximately two and a half times that of the background layer and could be distinguished from the background for over five hours. Centroid height variations of up to 400 m were observed on timescales of 1–2 min. In 1998 we were sensitive to variations of 5% or more in total sodium abundance on timescales of 100 ms upwards. We found no evidencefor variations of this level on these short timescales. 相似文献
10.
The dynamic character of the
phase transition in anorthite from Monte Somma has been studied by high-temperature hard mode infrared spectroscopy. The
mean local order parameter, as revealed by the temperature evolution of the frequencies of absorption bands between 540 and
620 cm-1, follows classical second-order Landau behaviour with a critical exponent β = 1.. There is no observable first-order step.
Anomalous line broadening of the 582 cm-1 band indicates that dynamic fluctuations with a relaxation time τ ≈ 10−10 s exist over a limited temperature interval of approximately 150 K about Tc, and decay rapidly as T becomes greater than Tc. Previous order-disorder models of the high-temperature
phase are not supported by these results. The Ca-flip motions, which we link to the line broadening, stabilize the driving
soft mode of the transition. These flip motion fluctuations do not give rise to departures from the classical Landau theory
because of the essential co-elastic nature of the phase transition. In the light of these results the
structural instability can be described as an essentially displacive transition. 相似文献