Seismic risk assessment of buildings in urban areas: a case study for Denizli,Turkey   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

Mehmet Inel  Sevket Murat Senel  Selcuk Toprak  Yasemin Manav 《Natural Hazards》2008,46(3):265-285

This study aims to carry out a seismic risk assessment for a typical mid-size city based on building inventory from a field study. Contributions were made to existing loss estimation methods for buildings. In particular, a procedure was introduced to estimate the seismic quality of buildings using a scoring scheme for the effective parameters in seismic behavior. Denizli, a typical mid-size city in Turkey, was used as a case study. The building inventory was conducted by trained observers in a selected region of Denizli that had the potential to be damaged from expected future earthquakes according to geological and geotechnical studies. Parameters that are known to have some effect on the seismic performance of the buildings during past earthquakes were collected during the inventory studies. The inventory includes data of about 3,466 buildings on 4,226 parcels. The evaluation of inventory data provided information about the distribution of building stock according to structural system, construction year, and vertical and plan irregularities. The inventory data and the proposed procedure were used to assess the building damage, and to determine casualty and shelter needs during the M6.3 and 7.0 scenario earthquakes, representing the most probable and maximum earthquakes in Denizli, respectively. The damage assessment and loss studies showed that significant casualties and economic losses can be expected in future earthquakes. Seismic risk assessment of reinforced concrete buildings also revealed the priorities among building groups. The vulnerability in decreasing order is: (1) buildings with 6 or more stories, (2) pre-1975 constructed buildings, and (3) buildings with 3–5 stories. The future studies for evaluating and reducing seismic risk for buildings should follow this priority order. All data of inventory, damage, and loss estimates were assembled in a Geographical Information System (GIS) database.  相似文献   

A Simulation for a Planetary Nebular Plasma     

Gulcin Kandemir  Senel Boydag 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1997,251(1-2):227-230

A plasma simulation code is applied to interpret the instabilities in an expanding planetary nebula. The temperature of the central star of a planetary nebula is assumed as above 50,000 K. Most of the atoms are ionized at this temperature. Since ionization cannot be neglected for such a hot plasma, the electrostatic instability should be taken into account. In the one dimensional electrostatic simulation, Maxwell and Vlasov equations are used and the fast Fourier transform is applied. The calculated drift velocity in the simulation is found comparable with the expansion velocity of a planetary nebula. The linear and non-linear behaviors of the simulated nebular plasma have been investigated in phase space; the simulation results agree with the theory. This revised version was published online in September 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献