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1.
Osamu Katoh Kenji Morinaga Kuniaki Miyaji Kazuyuki Teshima 《Journal of Oceanography》1996,52(6):747-761
We discussed the branching and joining of the Tsushima Current around the Oki Islands, based on ADCP and CTD measurements carried out in June 1990 by the quadrireciprocal method (Katoh, 1988). The volume transport of the northeastward current northwest of the Izumo Coast was about 2 Sv. The triple-branch structure of the Tsushima Current was obscure there. This northeastward current divided into the eastward and northward currents, with volume transports of 0.5 Sv and 1.5 Sv, respectively, at the west entrance of the Oki Strait. Most of the first branch of the Tsushima Current seemed to be separated again from the other confluent branches and to pass through the Oki Strait as this eastward current. The northward current was composed of the second and the third branches of the Tsushima Current. It detoured the Oki Islands, and almost all of it returned south to the Tajima Coast. In the vicinity of the Tajima Coast, the eastward current was abruptly strengthened through the confluence of the southward one which was originated from the northward current west of the Oki Islands. This showed that the first branch finally joined the compound of the second and the third branches detouring the Oki Islands. Between the Oki Strait and the Tajima Coast, the two-layer structure of currents was clearly found. 相似文献
2.
In-situ X-ray diffraction measurements of CaGeO3-wollastonite at high pressure at room temperature have been performed using a diamond anvil cell with an X-ray source. A
new structural modification of CaGeO3-wollastonite is observed at about 6GPa and the characteristic reflections of the high pressure form are preserved on decompression
to an ambient pressure. A rhodonite-like structure is proposed as a high pressure form from the crystal chemical consideration.
The rhodonite-like phase is further transformed into a perovskite-form at about 15 GPa. The rhodonite-like-form of CaGeO3 seems not to be a stable phase from the heating experiments under high pressures. The metastable transition path from the
wollastonite to the perovskite polymorph through the rhodonite-like structure is kinetically favored under room temperature
pressurization. No pressure-induced amorphization is observed during the transition into the perovskite-form, although the
transition is accompanied by the coordination change of Ge atoms from fourfold to sixfold.
Received: July 19, 1995 / Revised, accepted: August 1996 相似文献
3.
Tadashi Akamatsu Kiyoshi Fujino Mineo Kumazawa Akio Fujimura Manabu Kato Hiroshi Sawamoto Takamitsu Yamanaka 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1988,16(2):105-113
Synthetic (Mg0.51, Mn0.49)2SiO4 olivine samples are heat-treated at three different pressures; 0, 8 and 12 GPa, all at the same temperature (～500° C). X-ray structure analyses on these single crystals are made in order to see the pressure effect on cation distribution. The intersite distribution coefficient of Mg and Mn in M1 and M2 sites, K D = (Mn/Mg) M1/(Mn/Mg) M2, of these samples are 0.192 (0 GPa), 0.246 (8 GPa) and 0.281 (12 GPa), indicating cationic disordering with pressure. The small differences of cell dimensions between these samples are determined by powder X-ray diffraction. Cell dimensions b and c decrease, whereas a increases with pressure of equilibration. Cell volume decreases with pressure as a result of a large contraction of the b cell dimension. The effect of pressure on the free energy of the cation exchange reaction is evaluated by the observed relation between the cell volume and the site occupancy numbers. The magnitude of the pressure effect on cation distribution is only a fifth of that predicted from the observed change in volume combined with thermodynamic theory. This phenomenon is attributed to nonideality in this solid solution, and nonideal parameters are required to describe cation distribution determined in the present and previous experiments. We use a five-parameter equation to specify the cationic equilibrium on the basic of thermodynamic theory. It includes one energy parameter of ideal mixing, two parameters for nonideal effects, one volume parameter, and one thermal parameter originated from the lattice vibrational energy. The present data combined with some of the existing data are used to determine the five parameters, and the cation distribution in Mg-Mn olivine is described as a function of temperature, pressure, and composition. The basic framework of describing the cationic behavior in olivine-type mineral is worked out, although the result is preliminary: each of the determined parameters is not accurate enough to enable us to make a reliable prediction. 相似文献
4.
5.
Tsunami deposits from the 1993 Southwest Hokkaido earthquake and the 1640 Hokkaido Komagatake eruption,northern Japan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The southwest Hokkaido tsunami of July 12th, 1993, left continuous onshore sand deposits along the west coast of Oshima Peninsuka, Hokkaido, northern Japan. We investigated spatial distribution and lithofacies of the new tsunami deposits for its identification of ancient tsunami deposits. An eyewitness acount and bent plants helped our interpretation of the onshore tsunami behavior. We regard the following properties as typical of the coastal tsunami sand deposits: (1) The deposits cover the surface almost continuously on gentle topography. (2) Deposit thicknesses and mean grain sizes descrease with distance from the sea. (3) Deposit thicknesses and lithofacies vary greatly across local surface undulation. (4) Graded bedding reflecting tsunami runup and backwash is present in thick deposits. (5) The deposits are widely distributed along the coast and extend inland several tens of meters to 100 m. We examined a candidate for the paleo-tsunami deposits associated with the 1640 Komagatake eruption, and confirmed that the similar patterns are typical of ancient tsunami deposits. 相似文献
6.
Taku Tsuchiya Takamitsu Yamanaka Masanori Matsui 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1998,25(2):94-100
A two-body interatomic potential model for GeO2 polymorphs has been determined to simulate the structure change of them by semi-empirical procedure, total lattice energy
minimization of GeO2 polymorphs. Based on this potential, two polymorphs of GeO2; α-quartz-type and rutile-type, have been reproduced using the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation techniques. Crystal structures, bulk moduli, volume thermal expansion coefficients and enthalpies of these
polymorphs of GeO2 were simulated. In spite of the simple form of the potential, these simulated structural values, bulk moduli and thermal
expansivities are in excellent agreement with the reliable experimental data in respect to both polymorphs. Using this potential,
MD simulation was further used to study the structural changes of GeO2 under high pressure. We have investigated the pressure-induced amorphization. As reported in previous experimental studies,
quartz-type GeO2 undergoes pressure-induced crystalline-to-amorphous transformation at room temperature, the same as other quartz compounds;
SiO2, AlPO4. Under hydrostatic compression, in this study, α-quartz-type GeO2 transformed to a denser amorphous state at 7.4 GPa with change of the packing of oxygen ions and increase of germanium coordination.
At higher pressure still, rutile-type GeO2 transformed to a new phase of CaCl2-type structure as a post-rutile candidate.
Received: 29 July 1996 / Revised, accepted: 30 April 1997 相似文献
7.
Raman spectra of Ni2SiO4 spinel (O h 7 Z=8) have been measured in the temperature range from 20 to 600 °C and the Raman active vibrations (A 1g +E g +3F 2g ) have been assigned. A calculation of the optically active lattice vibrations of this spinel has been made, assuming a potential function which combines general valence and short range force constants. The values of the force constants at 20 and 500 °C have been calculated from the vibrational frequencies of the observed Raman spectra and infrared (IR) spectral data. The Ni spinel at 20 °C has a prominently small Si-O bond stretching force constant of K(SiO)=2.356 ～ 2.680 md/Å and a large Ni-O bond stretching constant of K(NiO)=0.843 ～ 1.062 md/Å and these force constants at 500 °C decrease to K(SiO)=2.327 ～ 2.494 md/Å and K(NiO)=0.861 ～ 0.990 md/Å. The Si-O bond is noticeably weakened at high temperatures, despite the small thermal expantion from 1.657 Å (20 °C) to 1.660 Å (500 °C). These changes of the interatomic force constants of the spinel at high temperatures are in accord with the thermal structure changes observed by X-ray diffraction study. The weakened Si-O bond is consistent with the fact that Si atoms in the spinel lattice can diffuse at significant rates at elevated temperature. 相似文献
8.
9.
Takamitsu Yamanaka Yutaka Komatsu Hironori Nomori 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2007,34(5):307-318
Many of ilmenites ABO3 compounds bearing transition elements have semiconductive, ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic properties. The high-pressure
diffraction studies of FeTiO3 have been conducted up to 8.2 GPa using synchrotron radiation in KEK at Tsukuba with diamond anvil cell. The compression
mechanism of FeTiO3 ilmenite has been investigated by the structure refinements converged to the reliable factors R = 0.05. The deformations of the FeO6 and TiO6 octahedra were reduced with increasing pressure. In order to elucidate the electric conductivity change with pressure, electron
density distribution of ilmenite have been executed by maximum entropy method (MEM) using single-crystal diffraction intensity
data. MEM based on F
obs(hkl) of FeTiO3 clearly shows electron density in comparison with the difference Fourier synthesis based on F
obs(hkl) − F
calc(hkl). The radial distribution of the electron density indicates electron localization around the cation positions. The bonding
electron density found in bond Fe–O and Ti–O is lowered with pressure. The isotropic temperature factors B
iso become smaller with increasing pressure. Nevertheless the thermal vibration is considerably restrained by the compression,
the electric conductivity is enhanced with pressure. Neither charge transfer nor electron hopping between Fe and Ti along
the c axis in FeTiO3 is plausible under high pressure. But the electric conductivity due to electron super-exchange in Fe–Fe and Ti–Ti has been
clarified by the MEM electron density distribution. The anisotropy in the electric conductivity has been clarified. 相似文献
10.
Bhadravathi Eswara Lokesh Zubaidah Aimi Abdul Hamid Takamitsu Arai Akihiko Kosugi Yoshinori Murata Rokiah Hashim Othman Sulaiman Yutaka Mori Kumar Sudesh 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(3):310-317
Utilization of cheap renewable carbon feedstock for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production not only brings down its production cost but also ensures sustainability. The scope of this study was to evaluate the potential of sap extracted from felled oil palm trunk (OPT) as a novel inexpensive renewable carbon source for PHA production. OPT sap was found to be nutritionally rich and contained various fermentable sugars (5.5% w/v) as its major constituent. Termite gut isolate, Bacillus megaterium MC1 grew profoundly in mineral medium with OPT sap as carbon source and a cell density of 10.9 g/L was attained after 16 h of cultivation in shake flask cultures. A maximum poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)] content (% cell dry weight; CDW) of 30 wt% and a P(3HB) concentration of 3.28 g/L was recorded. Additionally, OPT sap extracted from younger tree trunks with prolonged storage had higher sugar content (10.8% w/v) and, when used as a growth medium without the addition of any nutrients, supported bacterial growth comparable to commercially available media. 相似文献