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Thilo Wrona Alexander C. Whittaker Rebecca E. Bell Robert L. Gawthorpe Haakon Fossen Christopher A.-L. Jackson Marit Stokke Bauck 《Basin Research》2023,35(2):744-761
Our understanding of continental rifting is, in large parts, derived from the stratigraphic record. This record is, however, incomplete as it does not often capture the geomorphic and erosional signal of rifting. New 3D seismic reflection data reveal a Late Permian-Early Triassic landscape incised into the pre-rift basement of the northern North Sea. This landscape, which covers at least 542 km2, preserves a drainage system bound by two major tectonic faults. A quantitative geomorphic analysis of the drainage system reveals 68 catchments, with channel steepness and knickpoint analysis of catchment-hosted palaeo-rivers showing that the landscape preserved a >2 Myr long period of transient tectonics. We interpret that this landscape records a punctuated uplift of the footwall of a major rift-related normal fault (Vette Fault) at the onset of rifting. The landscape was preserved by a combination of relatively rapid subsidence in the hangingwall of a younger fault (Øygarden Fault) and burial by post-incision sediments. As such, we show how and why erosional landscapes are preserved in the stratigraphic record, and how they can help us understand the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of ancient continental rifts. 相似文献
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Both terrestrial and fresh or marine forces drive underground fluid flows in the coastal zone. Hydraulic gradients on land
result in groundwater seepage near shore and may contribute to flows from confined aquifers further out on the shelf. The
terrestrial and oceanic forces overlap spatially, so measured fluid advection through coastal sediments may be a result of
composite forcing. “Subsurface/submarine groundwater discharge” (SGWD) can be defined as any and all flow of water on continental
margins from the seabed to the coast, regardless of fluid composition or driving force. SGWD is typically characterized by
low specific flow rates, making detection and quantification difficult. However, because such flows occur over very large
areas, the total flux is significant. Discharging fluids, whether derived from land or composed of re-circulated seawater,
will react with sediment components. These reactions may substantially increase the concentrations of nutrients, carbon, and
metals in the fluids. These fluids are thus a source of biogeochemically important constituents to the coast. Terrestrially
derived fluids represent a pathway for the flux of new material to the coast. This may result in diffuse pollution in areas
where the discharge of contaminated groundwater occurs. This review presents an historical context of SGWD studies, defines
the process in a form that is consistent with our current understanding of the driving forces as well as our assessment techniques,
and reviews the estimated global fluxes and biogeochemical implications. This review concludes that, to fully characterize
marine geochemical budgets, one must give due consideration to SGWD. New methodologies, technologies, and modeling approaches
are required to discriminate among the various forces that drive SGWD, pollutants to evaluate these fluxes more precisely
to Canadian coast. 相似文献
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Vaduvescu O. Aznar Macias A. Wilson T. G. Zegmott T. Pérez Toledo F. M. Predatu M. Gherase R. Pinter V. Pozo Nunez F. Ulaczyk K. Soszyński I. Mróz P. Wrona M. Iwanek P. Szymanski M. Udalski A. Char F. Salas Olave H. Aravena-Rojas G. Vergara A. C. Saez C. Unda-Sanzana E. Alcalde B. de Burgos A. Nespral D. Galera-Rosillo R. Amos N. J. Hibbert J. López-Comazzi A. Oey J. Serra-Ricart M. Licandro J. Popescu M. 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2022,126(2):1-26
Earth, Moon, and Planets - The Perseverance rover (Mars 2020) mission, the first step in NASA’s Mars Sample Return (MSR) program, will select samples for caching based on their potential to... 相似文献
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Silica diagenesis in Cenozoic mudstones of the North Viking Graben: physical properties and basin modelling 
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下载免费PDF全文 Thilo Wrona Christopher A.‐L. Jackson Mads Huuse Kevin G. Taylor 《Basin Research》2017,29(Z1):556-575
Silica diagenesis can significantly change physical properties of the host strata and release large volumes of water. Predicting these changes and their timing is essential to understanding compaction, fluid flow and rock deformation in sedimentary basins. In this paper, the influence of silica diagenesis (opal‐A/CT transformation) on physical properties is determined, the sediment volume affected by these changes is mapped, and a new technique to model silica diagenesis is introduced. A petrophysical analysis of 16 exploration wells shows that the opal‐A/CT transformation leads to a porosity reduction of c.20% (from 49 to 29%) in Cenozoic mudstones of the North Viking Graben. Using three‐dimensional seismic reflection data, it is shown that the c.50 m thick opal‐A/CT transformation zone covers an area of >1500 km2, equating to a minimum volume of 75 km3. The spatial and temporal evolution of opal‐A/CT transformation is simulated using an innovative basin modelling approach, the results of which indicate that the transformation started around Middle‐to‐Late Eocene times and then migrated upwards until it gradually fossilised between the Miocene and present. These findings are important, as they help understanding how these sediments compact and when fluids are released by diagenesis. 相似文献
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