Assessment of alternative adsorption models and global sensitivity analysis to characterize hexavalent chromium loss from soil to surface runoff          下载免费PDF全文

Chuan‐An Xia  Juxiu Tong  Bill X. Hu  Xiujie Wu  Alberto Guadagnini 《水文研究》2018,32(20):3140-3157

We investigate our ability to assess transfer of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), from the soil to surface runoff by considering the effect of coupling diverse adsorption models with a two‐layer solute transfer model. Our analyses are grounded on a set of two experiments associated with soils characterized by diverse particle size distributions. Our study is motivated by the observation that Cr(VI) is receiving much attention for the assessment of environmental risks due to its high solubility, mobility, and toxicological significance. Adsorption of Cr(VI) is considered to be at equilibrium in the mixing layer under our experimental conditions. Four adsorption models, that is, the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and linear models, constitute our set of alternative (competing) mathematical formulations. Experimental results reveal that the soil samples characterized by the finest grain sizes are associated with the highest release of Cr(VI) to runoff. We compare the relative abilities of the four models to interpret experimental results through maximum likelihood model calibration and four model identification criteria (i.e., the Akaike information criteria [AIC and AIC_C] and the Bayesian and Kashyap information criteria). Our study results enable us to rank the tested models on the basis of a set of posterior weights assigned to each of them. A classical variance‐based global sensitivity analysis is then performed to assess the relative importance of the uncertain parameters associated with each of the models considered, within subregions of the parameter space. In this context, the modelling strategy resulting from coupling the Langmuir isotherm with a two‐layer solute transfer model is then evaluated as the most skilful for the overall interpretation of both sets of experiments. Our results document that (a) the depth of the mixing layer is the most influential factor for all models tested, with the exception of the Freundlich isotherm, and (b) the total sensitivity of the adsorption parameters varies in time, with a trend to increase as time progresses for all of the models. These results suggest that adsorption has a significant effect on the uncertainty associated with the release of Cr(VI) from the soil to the surface runoff component.  相似文献   

CCD联合平差方法及其初步实例检验     

YU Yong LI Jinling TANG Zhenghong WANG Guangli ZHAO Ming 《中国科学院上海天文台年刊》2003,(1)

在常规照相天体测量工作中 ,对暗天体的定位是采用逐级定标星过渡的方法实现的。由于星表系统差和局部差的存在 ,最终定位结果可能包含难以把握的误差积累。在CCD小视场观测情况下时常难以找到足够数量的定标星。鉴于此 ,推导了CCD观测联合平差方法的严格矢量表达式 ,以期通过共同星的过渡 ,实现大天区统一平差。原理上此方法可实现相对于河外天体的定位 ,以削弱星表系统差和局部差对定位结果的影响。讨论了CCD联合平差方法实现中的问题 ,包括底片常数模型选择、切点位置改正、共同星的较差改正和法方程解算方法等 ,并分析了具体的处理措施。用实例初步检验了CCD联合平差方法的效果 ,表明通过对多张CCD观测的联合平差 ,可以削弱单张CCD观测参考星数目过少、单张CCD观测参考星分布不均、个别参考星存在位置偏差和局部区域参考星存在系统性位置偏差等不利因素对归算结果的影响 ,进而达到扩大视场和提高归算精度的目的  相似文献   

Early warning research on salt-alkalization desertification in western Songnen Plain     

BIAN Jian-min  LIN Nian-feng  TANG Jie College of Environment  Resources  Jilin  University  Changchun  Jilin  China 《东北亚地学研究》2005,(Z1)

Desertification is an environmental issue in the world. The salt-alkalization desertification land area formed by both primary and secondary salt-alkalization has extended in a large scale, which has become a significant eco-environmental problem. Based on the characteristics of eco-environment and the situation of desertification in western Songnen plain, this paper reports the analyzes of its formation in background and cause. An early warning system on the salt-alkalization desertification is established and the GIS technology is used to abstract the information of desertification evaluation index. Supported by the integrated technology of the GIS and ANN, the orientation and quantitative result of desertification are gained, which is helpful to the eco-environment protection and resource development in western Songnen Plain.  相似文献   

Fast iterative solution of large undrained soil‐structure interaction problems     

Kok‐Kwang Phoon  Swee‐Huat Chan  Kim‐Chuan Toh  Fook‐Hou Lee 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2003,27(3):159-181

In view of rapid developments in iterative solvers, it is timely to re‐examine the merits of using mixed formulation for incompressible problems. This paper presents extensive numerical studies to compare the accuracy of undrained solutions resulting from the standard displacement formulation with a penalty term and the two‐field mixed formulation. The standard displacement and two‐field mixed formulations are solved using both direct and iterative approaches to assess if it is cost‐effective to achieve more accurate solutions. Numerical studies of a simple footing problem show that the mixed formulation is able to solve the incompressible problem ‘exactly’, does not create pressure and stress instabilities, and obviate the need for an ad hoc penalty number. In addition, for large‐scale problems where it is not possible to perform direct solutions entirely within available random access memory, it turns out that the larger system of equations from mixed formulation also can be solved much more efficiently than the smaller system of equations arising from standard formulation by using the symmetric quasi‐minimal residual (SQMR) method with the generalized Jacobi (GJ) preconditioner. Iterative solution by SQMR with GJ preconditioning also is more elegant, faster, and more accurate than the popular Uzawa method. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

论裸眼井中的“共振纵波”和“共振横波”   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

唐晓明  郑传汉 《地球物理学报》1991,34(1):125-128

一、引言 文献[1]和[2]指出,充流体裸眼井中存在频率确定、波速恒定、且沿传播方向不衰减的“共振纵波”和“共振横波”。本文的目的在于论证并指出,这两种波是不存在的。 二、论证 设一点源位于z=0的井轴上,则井轴上z处的声波频率响应为  相似文献   

海相碳酸盐岩层系不整合量化研究及其意义——以四川盆地北部二叠系为例   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

李儒峰  郭彤楼  汤良杰  陈国飞 《地质学报》2008,82(3):407-412

本文以四川盆地北部二叠系为例,将层序地层分析和沉积盆地波动过程分析相结合,提出了运用沉积波动过程分析研究沉积记录不完整性的量化方法,该方法可以相对准确地定量描述盆地形成演化过程中的升降运动,恢复无地层"记录"中的沉积-剥蚀过程,进而定量分析盆地的沉积-剥蚀过程、计算沉积间断(不整合)内的地层剥蚀量、认识其时空分布规律.同时,通过实际钻井及"人工井"的波动过程分析,结合地震剖面解释成果,可以作出主要不整合的空间分布图、各层位的剥蚀厚度图和原始厚度图、各期构造的剥蚀量分布图等重要基础图件,为盆地进一步系统分析及盆地模拟打好基础,结合沉积相研究及构造样式分析还可分析盆地沉积中心、生油层、盖层、储层等在时空中的变化规律.由于沉积盆地的升降波动过程直接影响着盆地的埋藏史、热史和生、排烃史,因此通过沉积波动过程的系统分析不仅能正确建立盆地演化的地质模型,还可以正确认识油气形成与分布规律,有效指导油气勘探.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘煤储层微孔隙结构特征及其影响因素   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张松航  汤达祯  唐书恒  许浩  林文姬  张彪 《地质学报》2008,82(10):1341-1349

在对鄂尔多斯盆地东缘58套采自不同层位不同地域煤样显微组分测试和低温液氮比表面测试的基础上,从比表面积、吸附曲线形态、阶段孔径结构分布、阶段孔径比表面积贡献、FHH分形特征几个方面刻画了煤储层微孔隙特征。同时,就“孔比表面积—孔隙结构—煤物质组成与化学结构”这一因果链,分析了鄂尔多斯盆地东缘煤微孔隙特征与煤变质程度、煤岩显微组分以及矿物组分与类型的关系。研究发现,Ro在0.60%~1.91%范围内,比表面积及FHH分形分维数先明显降低,Ro至1.3%后又略有回升,同时吸附回线“滞后环”及分形尺度对应的压力范围明显减小,孔径3~4 nm“墨水瓶”型孔明显减少乃至消失,并成为比表面积减少的主要贡献者。在相似煤级条件下,惰质组分较镜质组分有更多的比表面积贡献。粘土矿物组分含量>10%时,孔径3~4 nm“墨水瓶”型孔对比表面贡献明显,且随煤级增高影响作用相对加大。  相似文献   

藏东东达山地区遥感找矿地质异常提取方法研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

郭娜  陈建平  唐菊兴 《地质与勘探》2008,44(4)

文章旨在通过对遥感找矿地质方法的研究,总结出一套针对于藏东这种自然条件恶劣的特定地区的遥感找矿工作程序.通过运用比值分析 主成分分析提取矿化蚀变信息,运用方向滤波 掩膜的方法提取构造信息,从而确定了藏东东达山地区的遥感综合异常,并结合多源信息划分出了远景成矿区域,根据对东达山地区遥感找矿的方法研究,进而得到在东达山地区具有成矿潜力的区域范围,为藏东地区的进一步矿产资源开发与评价提供了依据.  相似文献   

基于走航观测的夏季南极海冰分布特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

唐述林  李宁 《冰川冻土》2008,30(2):211-217

依托中国第19次南极科学考察,基于ASPeCt(南极海冰过程与气候)海冰走航观测方法标准,以"雪龙号"破冰船为平台进行夏季南大洋海冰走航观测.在2003年1月4-17日近6 500km的航程断面上,分别获取了海冰的厚度、密集度、雪厚度、浮冰尺寸等海冰分布特征参数.结果表明,海冰分布特征参数均呈现了较大的空间变化.由于夏季海冰融化并受制于特定动力过程作用,海冰在威德尔海附近聚集,密集度达到峰值,沿断面在0%～80%之间变化;在断面的大部分观测到开阔水域.沿断面海冰厚度介于10～210cm,雪厚度介于2～80 cm之间,在埃默里冰架附近冰雪厚度达到了全断面的最高值.沿断面浮冰尺寸,最小到＜10 cm到最大超过2 000 m不等.  相似文献   

东天山黄山-镜儿泉过铝花岗岩矿物学、地球化学及年代学研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

唐俊华  顾连兴  张遵忠  吴昌志  三金柱  汪传胜  刘四海  黎广荣 《岩石学报》2008,24(5):921-946

对东天山黄山-镜儿泉一带黄山南、镜儿泉、图拉尔根沟三个过铝花岗岩作了岩相学、矿物学、地球化学、sr-Nd同位素和锆石U-Pb年代学研究.锆石U-Pb LA-ICP-MS原位定年测得黄山南岩体结晶年龄为259.9±1.4Ma(MSWD=0.86),图拉尔根沟岩体结晶年龄为275.4±8.3Ma(MSWD=29),均侵位于二叠纪碰撞后伸展环境.三个过铝花岗岩均具有低锶同位素初始比值(Isr=0.6969～0.70396)、高εNd(t)值( 5.5～ 7.2)以及年轻的亏损地幔单阶段模式年龄(tDM=0.48～0.56Ga),表明其岩浆源区均为来源于亏损地幔的新生地壳岩石.这种新生地壳岩石可能为偏酸性的火山岩.三个岩体的矿物学和地球化学可分为两类:一类以黄山南白云母花岗岩为代表,为强过铝花岗岩(A/CNK>1.1),强烈亏损Ba、sr和Ti而富集Cs、Rb和K,具有高的Rb/sr(2.03～14.5)和Al2O3/TiO2(110～1592),低的Nb/Ta(3.24～6.76)比值,其稀土元素配分曲线呈"V"字形,显示强烈铕亏损(Eu/Eu*=0.04～0.55),表明这类岩体的直接源岩以泥质岩为主.另一类以图拉尔根沟二云母花岗岩为代表,为弱过铝(1相似文献