排序方式： 共有6条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1
1.
南水北调中线水源区土地利用/土地覆被的空间格局 总被引：25，自引：1，他引：24
土地利用/土地覆被 (简称LULC) 变化对流域水资源动态具有深刻的影响。这对于我国大规模跨流域的南水北调工程规划尤为重要。本文制定了该工程中线水源区约95 000 km2 面积的LULC分类系统,利用2000年前后的TM影像完成LULC分布现状图,并结合DEM分析了其土地利用/土地覆被的空间格局特征。结果表明：① 研究区域森林覆盖率为50.97%,灌丛25.58%;农田约占15%,其中旱地与水田的比例约10:3;石砾裸地等强烈退化类型合占5.66%;水域约占1%。② 区内秦岭南坡、汉-丹平原丘陵、巴山北坡三部分的LULC结构存在显著差异,强度土地利用类型和退化土地类型主要分布在汉-丹平原丘陵地区;秦岭南坡耕地的水分条件较巴山北坡好,但局部土地退化现象也更严重。③ 地形对LULC具有明显影响。海拔高度控制着自然植被的垂直分异和各种土地利用类型及利用强度的分布;各土地覆被类型的分布显示了坡度对土地开发强度的限制作用;坡向对局部LULC格局的影响并不显著,但在区域尺度上可能对秦岭南坡与巴山北坡的LULC结构差异具有贡献。南水北调中线工程水源区当前的LULC结构和空间格局显示,总体上植被状况良好,高强度的土地利用类型主要集中于海拔1000m以下的平缓地区,而退化土地类型也主要存在于这一区域,是流域水质保护和环境治理的关键区域。 相似文献
2.
Understanding biogeographic patterns and the mechanisms underlying them has been a main issue in macroecology and biogeography, and has implications for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem sustainability. Evergreen broad-leaved woody plants(EBWPs) are important components of numerous biomes and are the main contributors to the flora south of 35°N in China. We calculated the grid cell values of species richness(SR) for a total of 6265 EBWP species in China, including its four growth-forms(i.e., tree, shrub, vine, and bamboo), and estimated their phylogenetic structure using the standardized phylogenetic diversity(SPD) and net relatedness index(NRI). Then we linked the three biogeographical patterns that were observed with each single environmental variable representing the current climate, the last glacial maximum(LGM)–present climate variability, and habitat heterogeneity, using ordinary least squares regression with a modified t-test to account for spatial autocorrelation. The partial regression method based on a general linear model was used to decompose the contributions of current and historical environmental factors to the biogeographical patterns observed. The results showed that most regions with high numbers of EBWP species and phylogenetic diversity were distributed in tropical and subtropical mountains with evergreen shrubs extending to Northeast China. Current mean annual precipitation was the best single predictor. Topographic variation and its effect on temperature variation was the best single predictor for SPD and NRI. Partial regression indicated that the current climate dominated the SR patterns of Chinese EBWPs. The effect of paleo-climate variation on SR patterns mostly overlapped with that of the current climate. In contrast, the phylogenetic structure represented by SPD and NRI was constrained by paleo-climate to much larger extents than diversity, which was reflected by the LGM–present climate variation and topog-raphy-derived habitat heterogeneity in China. Our study highlights the importance of embedding multiple dimensions of biodiversity into a temporally hierarchical framework for understanding the biogeographical patterns, and provides important baseline information for predicting shifts in plant diversity under climate change. 相似文献
3.
安徽牯牛降的植物多样性垂直分布特征——兼论山顶效应的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
牯牛降国家级自然保护区是我国生物多样性热点地区之一——黄山-武夷山区的一部分,人为干扰较轻,植被保存状况良好,是这一生物多样性中心基本特征的代表性区域。牯牛降地区的植物物种多样性和群落的分布特征尚缺少系统的研究报道。对牯牛降南坡的植被垂直带进行样方和样带调查,探讨其植物群落和植物物种多样性的海拔梯度格局,及其影响因素。通过对样方数据的数量分类和CCA排序,结合分析群落生活型构成、物种丰富度、α多样性、β多样性的结果表明:(1)牯牛降南坡随着海拔的上升,依次出现常绿阔叶林(400-1 100 m)、常绿落叶阔叶混交林(1 100-1 350 m)、针阔混交林(1 350-1 600 m)和常绿针叶林(1 600-1 728 m)。(2)物种丰富度和多样性指数大致表现了沿海拔梯度降低的趋势;但低海拔人为活动的干扰、海拔1 400 m处样方小地形的显著变化、海拔1 500-1 600 m之间历史上的火干扰等因素,导致了物种多样性海拔梯度特征的复杂化;常绿阔叶林和常绿落叶针阔叶混交林的种-面积曲线差异反映了不同植被类型中物种分布的尺度效应的差异。(3)海拔梯度、局部地形及其他生境条件的变化共同影响着物种多样性的格局。山地常绿落叶阔叶混交林、针阔叶混交林和黄山松纯林等是发育在同一气候垂直带条件下,主要由地形引起的土壤与小气候差异导致的植被斑块。山顶效应对植物群落类型和物种多样性变化具有显著影响,对于理解牯牛降植物物种多样性垂直梯度特征和模式具有重要意义。 相似文献
4.
The spatiotemporal landscape heterogeneity implies multiple biodiversity mechanisms across scales, and the cross-disciplinary studies between landscape ecology and biodiversity are becoming a new research field in China. This paper briefly reviews the development of the field by comparing papers published in international journals and Chinese journals;then it investigates the differences in the trends and focuses between international and Chinese studies. We also introduce several study areas that have emerged over the last 10 years in this field, including metacommunity assembly, landscape genetics, biodiversity and ecosystem service relationship, and landscape planning for biodiversity conservation. The major advances emerging in this field in China over the past 5 years can be classified into six subject areas: 1) effects of urban landscape and urbanization on biodiversity;2) altitudinal patterns of biodiversity in mountain landscapes;3) effects of topographic heterogeneity on plant community assembly and species coexistence;4) impacts of landscape patterns and processes on animal behaviors;5) forest fires and spatiotemporal patterns of vegetation responses;and 6) landscape ecology applications in natural conservation planning and design. In an attempt to promote cross-field studies between geography and ecology, this special issue collected 10 research articles, involving multiple landscape types and biological assemblages, in order to explore the interaction between landscape features and biodiversity. We anticipate that the future development of this active front will be primarily driven by the application of novel information techniques and the realistic demands of sustainability issues, in addition to answering scientific questions cross scales. 相似文献
5.
Plant moisture content(PMC) is used as an indicator of forest flammability, which is assumed to be affected by climate drought. However, the fire-induced drought stress on PMC and its spatial and temporal variations are unclear. Based on a parallel monitoring experiment from 2014 to 2015, this study compared the PMCs and soil moisture contents(SMC) at five post-fire sites in central Yunnan Plateau, Southwest China. The number of years since last fire(YSF), season, topographic position, plant species and tissue type(leaf and branch) were selected as causal factors of the variations in PMC and SMC. A whole year parallel monitoring and sampling in the post-fire communities of 1, 2, 5, 11 and 30 YSF indicated that drought stress in surface soils was the strongest in spring within the first 5 years after burning, and the SMC was regulated by topography, with 64.6% variation in soil moisture accounted for by YSF(25.7%), slope position(22.1%) and season(10.8%). The temporal variations of PMC and SMC differed at both interannual and seasonal scales, but the patterns were consistent across topographic positions. PMC differed significantly between leaves and branches, and among three growth-forms. The mean PMC was lower in broad-leaved evergreen species and higher in conifer species. Season and soil temperature were the primary determinants of PMC, accounting for 19.1% and 8.3% of variation in PMC, respectively. This indicated phenology-related growth rather than drought stress in soil as the primary driver of seasonal changes in PMC. The significant variations of PMC among growth forms and species revealed that seasonal soil temperature change and dominant species in forest communities are useful indicators of fire risk assessment in this region. 相似文献
6.
关于种域的Rapoport法则检验、算法比较及中域效应消减——以云南无量山种子植物为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Rapoport法则是物种分布幅度在环境梯度上的统计分布特征,与物种丰富度的梯度格局密切相关.关于Rapoport法则普适性检验的争论被认为与数据统计方法有关,但对这些算法有效性的评价还很少见.以云南无量山种子植物在海拔梯度上的分布数据为例,比较4种常用的Rapoport法则检验算法,并按照海拔分布幅度等级将全部物种分成4组后,再比较不同算法的结果.分析表明,中点法和上限法的检验结果受中域效应的显著影响,Steven方法受影响较小,而逐种法可以回避MDE影响.按海拔幅度分组统计,可以显著削弱MDE的影响,但是数据本身误差的效应有所放大.综合所采用的分析方法,无量山种子植物海拔分布整体格局中存在Rapoport法则;而山顶附近存在局部的反Rapoport法则现象,与植物群落类型的更替对应,可能与山顶气候效应有关. 相似文献
1