中国耕地利用集约度结构变化及其区域差异   总被引：25，自引：6，他引：19  

陈瑜琦  李秀彬  田玉军  谈明洪 《地理学报(英文版)》2009,19(5):545-556

Based on the data from the Cost-benefit Data of Farm Produce and the China Agricultural Yearbook, this paper divided the intensity of cultivated land use into labor intensity and capital intensity, and then analyzed their temporal and spatial change at both national and provincial levels between 1980 and 2006. The results showed that: (1) At the national level, labor intensity on food produce decreased from 398.5 day/ha in 1980 to 130.25 day/ha in 2006; and a continuous decrease with a steep decline between 1980 and 1986, a slower decline from 1987 to 1996, and another steep decline from 1997 to 2006. On the contrary, capital intensity shows an increasing trend since 1980. As to the internal composition of capital intensity, the proportion of seed, chemical fertilizer and pesticide input decreased from 90.36% to 73.44% and the proportion of machinery increased from 9.64% to 26.56%. The less emphasis on yield-increasing input and more emphasis on labor-saving input are the main reasons for a slow increase of yield per unit area after 1996. (2) At the provincial level, the developed areas have lower labor intensity and higher capital intensity. The less developed ones have higher labor intensity but lower capital intensity. From the viewpoint of the internal composition of capital intensity, labor-saving input accounts for more proportion in the developed areas than that of other areas. The main reason is that in these developed areas, labor input has become a constraint factor in food production as more and more labors engaged in off-farm work. Farmers increase the labor-saving input for higher labor productivity. However, in the less developed areas, the major constraint is the shortage of capital; food production is still depending on labor and yield-increasing inputs.  相似文献   

水资源约束下的张掖绿洲城镇发展模式初步研究   总被引：16，自引：8，他引：8  

马国霞  甘国辉  田玉军 《中国沙漠》2006,26(3):426-431

水资源是绿洲城镇存在和发展的重要约束因子,它影响到绿洲城镇的产业结构、空间格局、规模等级及生态环境。张掖绿洲城镇水资源紧缺,利用结构不合理,经济效益低下。选择合理的绿洲城镇发展模式,可使水资源的持续利用和绿洲城镇的快速发展达到良性循环。本文以提高水资源经济效益和绿洲城镇健康发展为模式选择的约束条件,提出了节水防污型城镇模式、商贸枢纽型城镇模式、特色农业型城镇模式及生态型城镇模式。  相似文献   

农户土地规模与生产率的关系及其解释的印证——以吉林省为例   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

辛良杰  李秀彬  朱会义  刘学军  谈明洪  田玉军 《地理研究》2009,28(5):1276-1284

依据原中共中央政策研究室和农业部的农户固定观察点数据,利用数理模型对吉林省农户土地规模-生产率之间的关系进行了验证。结果表明:(1)农户土地规模-土地生产率之间的关系并不是简单的直线关系,当农户经营的土地面积小于30亩时,负向关系并不明显,但农户经营土地的规模超过30亩后,两者之间则呈现出明显的负向关系;(2)吉林省大规模农户土地产出率较低的主要影响因素为化肥投入,劳动投入因素的影响位列次席,这与前人的研究有所差别;(3)农户劳动力的影子工资率与农户土地规模存在正向关系。鉴于目前吉林省大部分农户的经营规模在20亩以下,因此笔者建议鼓励土地流转,进一步推动耕地的适度经营规模;大规模农户可适当地增加化肥和劳动投入量。  相似文献   

京津冀都市圈经济增长收敛机制的空间分析   总被引：16，自引：4，他引：12  

马国霞  徐勇  田玉军 《地理研究》2007,26(3):590-598

区域经济增长收敛机制研究是近年来区域经济学者关注的热点问题之一。本文采用探索性空间数据分析方法,利用空间自相关模型,从新的视角探讨了京津冀都市圈经济增长的空间依赖关系;基于空间计量经济学方法,通过对传统收敛模型加入空间项构建了空间滞后模型和空间误差模型,进而对京津冀都市圈的区域经济收敛机制进行了实证分析。研究结果表明:京津冀都市圈在1992~2003年经济增长存在收敛趋势,但由于强集聚效应,收敛率较低,内部差异仍很显著。  相似文献